Vertigo pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

It is thought that vertigo is the result of a disruption in the vestibular system. It is identified as peripheral vertigo if the lesion is in the labyrinth or vestibular nerve or central vertigo if the area of disruption originates from the brainstem or cerebellum.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of vertigo can be understood on the basis of understanding the vestibulo-ocular reflex:

Pathogenesis

Pathophysiology Behind Causes of Vertigo:

Pathophysiology of Causes of Vertigo[1]
Ménière’s disease
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
  • Dislodged otoliths stimulate vestibular sense organ.
Acute labyrinthitis
Acute vestibular neuritis
Cholesteatoma
  • Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear.
Otosclerosis
  • Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear.
Perilymphatic fistula
  • Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear.

Neurochemistry of Vertigo:

Genetics

Vertigo as a symptom has no genetic origin. However, some diseases associated with vertigo can have genetic factors involved:

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

  • [Condition 1]
  • [Condition 2]
  • [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].


References

  1. Karatas, Mehmet (2008). "Central Vertigo and Dizziness". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. ISSN 1074-7931.
  2. Angelaki, Dora E. (2004). "Eyes on Target: What Neurons Must do for the Vestibuloocular Reflex During Linear Motion". Journal of Neurophysiology. 92 (1): 20–35. doi:10.1152/jn.00047.2004. ISSN 0022-3077.
  3. Kuo CH, Pang L, Chang R (2008). "Vertigo - part 2 - management in general practice". Aust Fam Physician. 37 (6): 409–13. PMID 18523693.
  4. Kerber, Kevin A. (2009). "Vertigo and Dizziness in the Emergency Department". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 27 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002. ISSN 0733-8627.

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