Sick sinus syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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*[[Coronary artery disease]]<ref name="pmid23939447">{{cite journal| author=Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S| title=Sick sinus syndrome: a review. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 87 | issue= 10 | pages= 691-6 | pmid=23939447 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23939447  }} </ref>
*[[Coronary artery disease]]<ref name="pmid23939447">{{cite journal| author=Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S| title=Sick sinus syndrome: a review. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 87 | issue= 10 | pages= 691-6 | pmid=23939447 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23939447  }} </ref>


===Causes by Organ System===


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Revision as of 18:12, 29 September 2016

Sick sinus syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), including sinus arrest, sinus node exit block, sinus bradycardia, and other types of bradycardia (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be associated with tachycardias (fast heart rate) such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and atrial fibrillation. Tachycardias that occur with sick sinus syndrome are characterized by a long pause after the tachycardia.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Common causes of sick sinus syndrome:


Cardiovascular Amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, atrial septal defect, cardiac surgery in children, cardiomyopathies, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, Ebstein anomaly, electrolyte imbalance, hemochromatosis, hyperkalemia, hypertension, hypocalcemia, hypoxia, ischemic heart disease, Lyme disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, neurocardiogenic syncope, pericarditis, rheumatic fever, sinus node fibrosis, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning Grayanotoxin, rhododendron sp
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Lyme disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect Amiodarone, antiarrhythmics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, clonidine, digitalis, disopyramide, guanethidine, lanatoside C, lidocaine, lithium, methyldopa, phenytoin, procainamide, propranolol, quinidine, reserpine, verapamil
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma
Genetic Friedreich ataxia, HCN4 mutation, hemochromatosis, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Hematologic Hemochromatosis
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Chagas disease, diphtheria, Lyme disease, pericarditis, rheumatic fever, sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Friedreich ataxia, hemochromatosis, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurologic Friedreich ataxia, hypothermia, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, sleep apnea
Nutritional/Metabolic Amyloidosis, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Neoplasm
Ophthalmologic Hypertension
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Hypoxia, sarcoidosis, scleroderma
Renal/Electrolyte Electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalemia, hypertension, hypocalcemia, systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cardiac surgery in children
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Hypothermia, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S (2013). "Sick sinus syndrome: a review". Am Fam Physician. 87 (10): 691–6. PMID 23939447.

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