Polyarthritis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 63: Line 63:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts 500-98,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts 500-98,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Knee joint]] effusion, erosion and permanent damage, [[enthesopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fibrosis]] of the deeper [[dermis]] and hyalinization of collagen bundles
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fibrosis]] of the deeper [[dermis]] and hyalinization of collagen bundles
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Third degree heart block]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bacterial endocarditis]]<ref name="pmid28630844">{{cite journal| author=Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C| title=Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report. | journal=J Orthop Case Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-68 | pmid=28630844 | doi=10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692 | pmc=5458702 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28630844  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bacterial endocarditis]]<ref name="pmid28630844">{{cite journal| author=Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C| title=Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report. | journal=J Orthop Case Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-68 | pmid=28630844 | doi=10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692 | pmc=5458702 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28630844  }}</ref>
Line 90: Line 90:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Reactive arthritis|Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis]]'''
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Postinfectious arthritis'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid23703332">{{cite journal| author=Kumar RK, Tandon R| title=Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2013 | volume= 137 | issue= 4 | pages= 643-58 | pmid=23703332 | doi= | pmc=3724245 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703332  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid23703332">{{cite journal| author=Kumar RK, Tandon R| title=Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2013 | volume= 137 | issue= 4 | pages= 643-58 | pmid=23703332 | doi= | pmc=3724245 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703332  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
Line 101: Line 101:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells < 20,000/μL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-streptolysin O titer|Streptococcal antibody titer]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-streptolysin O titer|Streptococcal antibody titer]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiomegaly]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiomegaly]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Valvular Diseases|Valvular]] or [[pericardial calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Valvular Diseases|Valvular]] or [[pericardial calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography|Echocardiographic]] changes in heart valves
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography|Echocardiographic]] changes in heart valves
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Edema]], [[Fibrinoid necrosis]], [[Mononuclear cell|Mononuclear cell infiltrate]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Edema]], [[fibrinoid necrosis]], [[Mononuclear cell|mononuclear cell infiltrate]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chorea, Carditis 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sydenham's chorea]], [[carditis]] 
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
Line 125: Line 125:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],  [[Balanitis circinata]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],  [[balanitis circinata]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[uveitis]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Enteric Bacilli|Enteric infection]]<ref name="Hill Gaston2003">{{cite journal|last1=Hill Gaston|first1=J|title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=219–239|issn=15216942|doi=10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Enteric Bacilli|Enteric infection]]<ref name="Hill Gaston2003">{{cite journal|last1=Hill Gaston|first1=J|title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=219–239|issn=15216942|doi=10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3}}</ref>
Line 136: Line 136:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma]] and psoriaform lesions, [[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma]] and psoriaform lesions, [[erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
Line 146: Line 146:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilic myelocyte|Neutrophilic]] infiltration in [[synovial]] tissues
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilic myelocyte|Neutrophilic]] infiltration in [[synovial]] tissues
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]] in [[synovial fluid]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]] in [[synovial fluid]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[enthesopathy]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
Line 166: Line 166:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chronic [[inflammation]] with [[CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup>]] and [[CD8+ T cells|CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chronic [[inflammation]] with [[CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup>]] and [[CD8+ T cells|CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[uveitis]] 
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
Line 177: Line 177:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],  


[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
[[Guttate psoriasis|guttate lesions]], lakes of [[pus]],


[[Erythroderma]]
[[Erythroderma]]
Line 184: Line 184:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|fluffy periostitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, early signs of [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[splinter hemorrhages]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
Line 198: Line 198:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] ([[ulcerative colitis]]),  [[Erythema nodosum]] ([[Crohn disease]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] ([[ulcerative colitis]]),  [[erythema nodosum]] ([[Crohn disease]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]], [[leukocytosis]], [[thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild to moderate [[Inflammatory|inflammatory fluid]], [[PMN]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild to moderate [[Inflammatory|inflammatory fluid]], [[PMN]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[Endomysium|Antiendomysial Ab]],  [[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies|Antitransglutaminase Ab]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], anti-endomysial Ab,  [[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies|anti-transglutaminase Ab]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[sacroiliitis]], Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in [[spine]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[sacroiliitis]], syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in [[spine]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early detection of [[Spinal stenosis|spinal]] and [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac lesions]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early detection of [[Spinal stenosis|spinal]] and [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac lesions]] in [[MRI]]
Line 218: Line 218:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]] predominance (60-80%)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]] predominance (60-80%)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[Hyperuricemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[hyperuricemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
Line 256: Line 256:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Malar rash]], [[Photosensitivity]], [[Discoid lupus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Malar rash]], [[photosensitivity]], [[discoid lupus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphopenia]], [[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[lymphopenia]], [[anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count from < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]] effusions) to > 50% [[PMNs]] ([[inflammatory]] effusions)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count from < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]] effusions) to > 50% [[PMNs]] ([[inflammatory]] effusions)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatine kinase]], [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[ANA]], [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]], [[Anti-SM antibody|Anti-Sm]], [[Lupus anticoagulant]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatine kinase]], [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[ANA]], [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|anti-dsDNA Ab]], [[Anti-SM antibody|Anti-Smith Ab]], [[lupus anticoagulant]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Periarticular [[osteopenia]] and [[Soft tissue injury|soft-tissue swelling]] without [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Periarticular [[osteopenia]] and [[Soft tissue injury|soft-tissue swelling]] without [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Pneumonitis]], [[Pulmonary emboli]], [[Alveolar Cyst Disease|Alveolar hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interstitial lung disease]], [[pneumonitis]], [[pulmonary emboli]], alveolar hemorrhage
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis|Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pericardial effusion]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis|verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] on [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal [[Columnar epithelium|columnar cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal [[Columnar epithelium|columnar cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-dsDNA antibody]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serositis]], [[Oral ulcers]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[serositis]], [[oral ulcers]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid27964796">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts RA, Scott DG |title=Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=916–931 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27964796 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid27964796">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts RA, Scott DG |title=Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=916–931 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27964796 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008 |url=}}</ref>
Line 275: Line 275:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Petechia]], [[Purpura]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Petechia]], [[purpura]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 282: Line 282:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue pathology|Soft tissue swelling]] with mild [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue pathology|Soft tissue swelling]] with mild [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],[[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]] in [[angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],[[hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[occlusion]] in [[angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[livedo reticularis]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="AvouacClements2012">{{cite journal|last1=Avouac|first1=J.|last2=Clements|first2=P. J.|last3=Khanna|first3=D.|last4=Furst|first4=D. E.|last5=Allanore|first5=Y.|title=Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=51|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1347–1356|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kes041}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="AvouacClements2012">{{cite journal|last1=Avouac|first1=J.|last2=Clements|first2=P. J.|last3=Khanna|first3=D.|last4=Furst|first4=D. E.|last5=Allanore|first5=Y.|title=Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=51|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1347–1356|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kes041}}</ref>
Line 294: Line 294:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |3 phases of (1) [[Edema|Edematous]], (2) [[Induration|Indurative]], and (3) [[Atrophic]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |3 phases of skin manifestation: Edematous, [[Induration|indurative]], and [[atrophic]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
Line 301: Line 301:


[[Creatine phosphokinase]]
[[Creatine phosphokinase]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Juxta-[[articular]] [[osteoporosis]], Joint space narrowing, Frank [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Juxta-[[articular]] [[osteoporosis]], joint space narrowing, frank [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[vascularity]] in [[doppler ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[vascularity]] in [[doppler ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Epidermal]] [[skin appendages]] [[atrophy]], Broad and hyalinized [[collagen]] fibers in the [[reticular dermis]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Epidermal]] [[skin appendages]] [[atrophy]], broad and hyalinized [[collagen]] fibers in the [[reticular dermis]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Tendon]] [[Friction rub|friction rubs]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Tendon]] [[Friction rub|friction rubs]]
Line 315: Line 315:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heliotropism|Heliotrope rash]], [[Dermatomyositis|Gottron papules]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|Poikiloderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heliotropism|Heliotrope rash]], [[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis#physical examination|Gottron papules]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|poikiloderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Predominantly [[mononuclear cells]] and large macrophage-like cells  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Predominantly [[mononuclear cells]] and large macrophage-like cells  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, [[Creatine kinase]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, anti–Jo-1 antibodies, [[creatine kinase]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Marginal [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and periarticular [[calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Marginal [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and periarticular [[calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 335: Line 335:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
Line 341: Line 341:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling,  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling,  


[[Osteopenia]],
[[osteopenia]],


Joint-space narrowing
joint-space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Inflamed [[synovium]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Inflamed [[synovium]] in [[ultrasonography]]
Line 361: Line 361:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[Human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[Immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[Mucosal]] erosion
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[mucosal]] erosion
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
Line 377: Line 377:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
Line 384: Line 384:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[Chondritis]], Perichondritis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[chondritis]], Perichondritis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness, [[Polyarthritis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
Line 400: Line 400:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑ [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑ [[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
Line 406: Line 406:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular|ocular lesion]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
Line 421: Line 421:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[RF]], [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP antibody]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[RF]], [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP antibody]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],


↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[ANA]]
↑[[ALT]] and/or [[AST]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint (anatomy)|Effusions in joints]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint (anatomy)|Effusions in joints]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
Line 440: Line 440:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Amyloid bodies|Amyloid A protein]], [[Fibrinogen]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Amyloidosis|amyloid A protein]], [[fibrinogen]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation|Synovial effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation|Synovial effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleural effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleural effusions]]
Line 446: Line 446:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Massive [[amyloid]] infiltration of the [[blood vessels]] and [[endothelial]] side of the [[glomerular basement membrane]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Massive [[amyloid]] infiltration of the [[blood vessels]] and [[endothelial]] side of the [[glomerular basement membrane]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|scrotal attacks]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
Line 484: Line 484:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Deposition of [[immune complexes]], [[Cryoprecipitate|Cryoprecipitates]] containing [[HBsAg]] and [[Complement|complements]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Deposition of [[immune complexes]], [[cryoprecipitates]] containing [[HBsAg]] and [[Complement|complements]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[HBsAg]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[HBsAg]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Liver failure]], [[Jaundice|Icterus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Liver failure]], [[icterus]]
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rubella]]'''<ref name="pmid849368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR |title=Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=741–7 |date=March 1977 |pmid=849368 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rubella]]'''<ref name="pmid849368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR |title=Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=741–7 |date=March 1977 |pmid=849368 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 503: Line 503:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |proliferation of the [[Synovial membrane|synovial lining cells]], without [[Inflammatory cells|inflammatory]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Proliferation of the [[Synovial membrane|synovial lining cells]], without [[Inflammatory cells|inflammatory]]  


[[Inflammatory cells|cells]]
[[Inflammatory cells|cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serological evidence]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serological evidence]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Headache]], [[Malaise]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Headache]], [[malaise]], mimics [[Caplans syndrome|rheumatoid arthritis]]
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Parvovirus]]'''<ref name="pmid10910181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore TL |title=Parvovirus-associated arthritis |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=289–94 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10910181 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Parvovirus]]'''<ref name="pmid10910181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore TL |title=Parvovirus-associated arthritis |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=289–94 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10910181 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 516: Line 516:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fifth disease]]/ [[Erythema infectiosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fifth disease]]/ [[erythema infectiosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aplastic crisis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aplastic crisis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
Line 526: Line 526:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Immune complex|Immune complex deposition]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Immune complex|Immune complex deposition]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], fetal infection
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
Line 564: Line 564:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[Enthesitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[enthesitis]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 583: Line 583:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[Fatigue]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[fatigue]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
Line 596: Line 596:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypocalcemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 602: Line 602:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[Dysesthesia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[dysesthesia]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 621: Line 621:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[Constipation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[constipation]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
Line 640: Line 640:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological analysis|Psychological interview]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological analysis|Psychological interview]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychomotor retardation|Slow psychomotor]], [[Muscle pain]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychomotor retardation|Slow psychomotor]], [[muscle pain]]
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 14:53, 30 May 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Differential Diagnosis of Diseases That Cause Polyarthritis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause polyarthritis:

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with claudication, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with morning stiffness, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with local erythema, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss, click here.

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Joint Swelling Fever Weight loss Claudication Morning stiffness Local erythema Skin manifestation CBC ESR Synovial fluid Other X-ray CT scan Other
Polyarthritis Infectious arthritis Lyme disease[1] + + +/- +/- - - Erythema migrans Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia - Cell counts 500-98,000/µL Microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST Knee joint effusion, erosion and permanent damage, enthesopathy - - Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles Serologic tests Third degree heart block
Bacterial endocarditis[2] + + + - - +/- Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots Normochromic-normocytic anemia WBC, S. aureus in culture Hyperglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia Joint erosion and effusion - - Vegetation or intracardiac abscess demonstrating active endocarditis Echocardiography (TTE) Vertebral osteomyelitis
Postinfectious arthritis Rheumatic fever[3] + + - - - +/- Erythema marginatum rheumaticum Leukocytosis Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells < 20,000/μL Streptococcal antibody titer Cardiomegaly Valvular or pericardial calcification Echocardiographic changes in heart valves Edema, fibrinoid necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltrate Echocardiography Sydenham's chorea, carditis 
Reactive arthritis[4] +/- +/- - - - - Genital ulceration Normocytic normochromic anemia  High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)  HLA-B27 test  Periosteal reaction and proliferation of tendon insertion site Sacroiliitis Enthesitis in ultrasonography Keratoderma blennorrhagicum, balanitis circinata   Spondyloarthritis and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection Conjunctivitis, uveitis
Enteric infection[5] - + - - - - Keratoderma and psoriaform lesions, erythema nodosum Neutrophilia PCR of causative organism Stool exam and culture - - - Neutrophilic infiltration in synovial tissues PCR of causative organism in synovial fluid Diarrhea, enthesopathy
Other seronegative spondyloarthritides Ankylosing spondylitis[6] + - +/- +/- + - Dactylitis (sausage digit) Normocytic normochromic anemia  High WBC count (lymphocyte predominance) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Bony erosions and sclerosis of the joints  Early sacroiliitis, erosions, and enthesitis Possible cauda equina syndrome secondary to spinal stenosis in MRI Chronic inflammation with CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages Plain x-rays Peripheral enthesitis, uveitis 
Psoriatic arthritis[7] + - - - - + Scaly erythematous plaques,

guttate lesions, lakes of pus,

Erythroderma

Normal High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes RF, ANA, IgA Joint-space narrowing, fluffy periostitis Pencil-in-cup deformity, early signs of synovitis Sacroiliitic synovitis, enthesitis in MRI Lack of intrasynovial Ig and RF, greater propensity for fibrous ankylosis, osseous resorption, and heterotopic bone formation Clinical findings Onycholysis, splinter hemorrhages
Inflammatory bowel disease[8] + + - - + +/- Pyoderma gangrenosum (ulcerative colitis), erythema nodosum (Crohn disease) Iron deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMN predominance RF, anti-endomysial Ab, anti-transglutaminase Ab Bilateral sacroiliitis, syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine - Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI - Clinical findings and history Acute anterior uveitis
Rheumatoid arthritis[9] + - + + + - Rheumatoid nodules Anemia, thrombocytosis WBC count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with neutrophil predominance (60-80%) Anti-CCP Ab, hyperuricemia Joint-space narrowing Microfractures Synovitis in MRI Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, with angiogenesis Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody Rheumatoid nodules
Crystal-induced arthritis[10] + +/- - - - + Joint erythema Leukocytosis Needle shaped urate crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL Urinary uric acid (>1100 mg in 24h) Punched-out erosions or lytic areas with overhanging edges  Complementary for recognizing erosions Tophi or edema in MRI Large pale pink acellular areas (urate crystals), surrounded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells Synovial fluid assay Conjunctival nodules
Systemic rheumatic illnesses Systemic lupus erythematosus[11] + - +/- - - + Malar rash, photosensitivity, discoid lupus Leukopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia Cell count from < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory effusions) to > 50% PMNs (inflammatory effusions) Creatine kinase, LFT, ANA, anti-dsDNA Ab, Anti-Smith Ab, lupus anticoagulant Periarticular osteopenia and soft-tissue swelling without erosions Interstitial lung disease, pneumonitis, pulmonary emboli, alveolar hemorrhage Pericardial effusion, pulmonary hypertension, verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis on echocardiography Inflammatory infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal columnar cells Anti-dsDNA antibody Rheumatoid arthritis, serositis, oral ulcers
Systemic vasculitis[12] - - +/- + - - Petechia, purpura Anemia, thrombocytosis - P-ANCA, C-ANCA, ANA Soft tissue swelling with mild erosions Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage Multiple microaneurysms,hemorrhage due to focal ruptureocclusion in angiography Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers Angiography Peripheral neuropathylivedo reticularis
Systemic sclerosis[13] - - +/- - - - 3 phases of skin manifestation: Edematous, indurative, and atrophic Thrombocytopenia Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) Hypergammaglobulinemia,

Creatine phosphokinase

Juxta-articular osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, frank erosions Synovial inflammation Synovial vascularity in doppler ultrasonography Epidermal skin appendages atrophy, broad and hyalinized collagen fibers in the reticular dermis Histopathology Raynaud phenomenon, Tendon friction rubs
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis[14] - - +/- - - + Heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, poikiloderma Normocytic normochromic anemia Predominantly mononuclear cells and large macrophage-like cells Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, anti–Jo-1 antibodies, creatine kinase, ANA Marginal erosions and periarticular calcification - - Vacuolar changes of the columnar epithelium and lymphocytic infiltrates Muscle biopsy Dysphagia 
Still's disease[15] - - +/- - +/- + Mild papules and nodules Anemia, thrombocytosis High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes ANA, RF Soft tissue swelling,

osteopenia,

joint-space narrowing

Synovial inflammation Inflamed synovium in ultrasonography Inflammatory infiltration in synovium Clinical findings and synovial fluid analysis Ocular involvement
Behçet's syndrome[16] + - - - - - Erythema nodosum Normocytic normochromic anemia Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) Serum complement levels, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 Soft tissue swelling Non-erosive synovitis - Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, immune deposits of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and C3 Clinical findings Oral ulcer, mucosal erosion
Relapsing polychondritis[17] + - - - - - - Leukocytosisanemia - Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) CryoglobulinsANAC-ANCA Tracheal stenosis in CXR Calcification of cartilaginous structures Aortic root dilatation and degree of aortic regurgitation in echocardiography Chondrolysis, chondritis, Perichondritis Clinical findings coupled with imaging Ear pain and redness
Other systemic illnesses Sarcoidosis[18] + - - - - - Mild papules and nodules Mild anemia Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)  IL-2 and IFN-γ, ↑ ACE, ↑ 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D Bilateral hilar adenopathy Active alveolitis or fibrosis Hepatosplenomegaly in ultrasonography Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs) Histological confirmation Heart blockocular lesion
Palindromic rheumatism[19] + - - +/- + - Rheumatoid nodules Anemia High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes RFAnti-CCP antibody, ↑Cr or BUN,

ALT and/or ASTANA

Effusions in joints Microfractures Basilar invagination with cranial migration of an eroded odontoid peg in MRI Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, withangiogenesis, proliferation of chronic inflammatory cells Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody Rheumatoid nodules
Familial Mediterranean fever[20] - + - - - - A well-demarcated, erythematous, warm rash, particularly below the knee Leukocytosis Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL CRP, amyloid A protein, fibrinogen Synovial effusions Pleural effusions Air-fluid levels in MRI Massive amyloid infiltration of the blood vessels and endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane Clinical findings Abdominal pain, Severe myalgia, scrotal attacks
Hyperlipoproteinemias[21] - - - - - - Xanthelasma Leukocytosis Xanthochromic fluid with mononuclear cells predominance CRP, Hyperlipidemia Joint space narrowing Achilles tendon enthesitis Retrocalcaneal bursitis and ill-defined edema in posterosuperior corner of the calcaneus Inflammatory infiltration Laboratory findings Atherosclerosis
Polyarticular pain Viral arthritis Hepatitis B and C[22] - + + - - - Urticarial and maculopapular eruptions  Leukocytosis Cell counts < 100,000/µL LFT, HBsAg Joint space narrowing - - Deposition of immune complexes, cryoprecipitates containing HBsAg and complements HBsAg Liver failure, icterus
Rubella[23] - + +/- - - - Acute maculopapular rash Leukocytosis Rubella virus antigen LFT, CRP Joint space narrowing - - Proliferation of the synovial lining cells, without inflammatory

cells

Serological evidence Headache, malaise, mimics rheumatoid arthritis
Parvovirus[24] + + +/- - - - Fifth disease/ erythema infectiosum Aplastic crisis Normal ANA, RF, CRP Joint swelling - - Immune complex deposition Parvovirus IgM antibody Transient aplastic crisis, fetal infection
Fibromyalgia[25] - - - +/- +/- - Maculopapular rash Normal - Normal - - - - Mild inflammation Clinical findings Muscle pain
Soft tissue abnormalities + - - - - +/- Maculopapular rash Normal - Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) CRP, Ca Joint swelling Synovial edema and thickness Mild joint effusion in ultrasonography Mild inflammation Clinical findings Mucositis, enthesitis
Hypothyroidism[26] - - - - - - Dry and coarse skin Anemia - Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts TSH, T4, T3 Peri-articular demineralization Destructive changes in the cartilage and bone High-signal fluid in the joint space in MRI Physeal growth plate with little evidence of cartilage cellular proliferation TSH, T4, T3 Decreased DTR, fatigue
Neuropathic pain[27] - - - - - - Livedo reticularis Normal - Normal Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia - - - - Neurologic examination Paresthesia, dysesthesia
Metabolic bone disease[28] - - - - - - Hyperpigmentation Mild anemia Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) Vitamin D, PTH Peri-articular demineralization Microfractures Subperiosteal reaction Decrease mineralization of bone matrix Laboratory findings Bone pain, constipation
Depression[29] - - + - - - - Normal - Normal Normal - - - - Psychological interview Slow psychomotor, muscle pain

References

  1. Lantos PM (2015). "Chronic Lyme disease". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 29 (2): 325–40. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006. PMC 4477530. PMID 25999227.
  2. Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C (2017). "Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report". J Orthop Case Rep. 7 (1): 65–68. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692. PMC 5458702. PMID 28630844.
  3. Kumar RK, Tandon R (2013). "Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years". Indian J Med Res. 137 (4): 643–58. PMC 3724245. PMID 23703332.
  4. Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR (2004). "HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations". Clin Microbiol Rev. 17 (2): 348–69. PMC 387405. PMID 15084505.
  5. Hill Gaston, J (2003). "Arthritis associated with enteric infection". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 17 (2): 219–239. doi:10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3. ISSN 1521-6942.
  6. McVeigh CM, Cairns AP (2006). "Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis". BMJ. 333 (7568): 581–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE. PMC 1570004. PMID 16974012.
  7. Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J (2013). "Psoriatic arthritis". Pol J Radiol. 78 (1): 7–17. doi:10.12659/PJR.883763. PMC 3596149. PMID 23493653.
  8. Orchard TR (2012). "Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 8 (5): 327–9. PMC 3424429. PMID 22933865.
  9. Heidari B (2011). "Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes". Caspian J Intern Med. 2 (1): 161–70. PMC 3766928. PMID 24024009.
  10. Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR (September 1982). "Crystal-induced arthritis". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 63 (9): 401–8. PMID 6287963.
  11. Manson JJ, Rahman A (2006). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 6. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-6. PMC 1459118. PMID 16722594.
  12. Watts RA, Scott DG (October 2016). "Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis". Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 30 (5): 916–931. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008. PMID 27964796.
  13. Avouac, J.; Clements, P. J.; Khanna, D.; Furst, D. E.; Allanore, Y. (2012). "Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis". Rheumatology. 51 (8): 1347–1356. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes041. ISSN 1462-0324.
  14. Briemberg HR, Amato AA (September 2003). "Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis". Curr Treat Options Neurol. 5 (5): 349–356. PMID 12895397.
  15. Kadavath S, Efthimiou P (February 2015). "Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options". Ann. Med. 47 (1): 6–14. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.971052. PMID 25613167.
  16. Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H (March 2010). "Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features". Acta Radiol. 51 (2): 183–6. doi:10.3109/02841850903401349. PMID 20121672.
  17. Emmungil H, Aydın SZ (2015). "Relapsing polychondritis". Eur J Rheumatol. 2 (4): 155–159. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036. PMC 5047229. PMID 27708954.
  18. Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS (November 2007). "Sarcoidosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (21): 2153–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMra071714. PMID 18032765.
  19. Iyer VR, Cohen GL (February 2011). "Palindromic rheumatism". South. Med. J. 104 (2): 147–9. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc. PMID 21206416.
  20. Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A (2011). "Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever". Eurasian J Med. 43 (2): 79–82. doi:10.5152/eajm.2011.18. PMC 4261345. PMID 25610168.
  21. Soubrier, Martin; Dubost, Jean Jacques; Thiéblot, Philippe; Ristori, Jean Michel (2009). "Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia". Joint Bone Spine. 76 (1): 95–97. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009. ISSN 1297-319X.
  22. Ganem, Don; Prince, Alfred M. (2004). "Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (11): 1118–1129. doi:10.1056/NEJMra031087. ISSN 0028-4793.
  23. Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR (March 1977). "Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination". Arthritis Rheum. 20 (2): 741–7. PMID 849368.
  24. Moore TL (July 2000). "Parvovirus-associated arthritis". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 12 (4): 289–94. PMID 10910181.
  25. Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE; et al. (2012). "Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". Pain Res Treat. 2012: 426130. doi:10.1155/2012/426130. PMC 3503476. PMID 23213512.
  26. McLean RM, Podell DN (February 1995). "Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism". Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 24 (4): 282–90. PMID 7740308.
  27. Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S (October 2013). "Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment". Pract Neurol. 13 (5): 292–307. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536. PMID 23592730.
  28. Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS (2006). "Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options". Treat Endocrinol. 5 (5): 297–318. PMID 17002489.
  29. Trivedi MH (2004). "The link between depression and physical symptoms". Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 6 (Suppl 1): 12–6. PMC 486942. PMID 16001092.

Template:WH Template:WS