Metabolic syndrome differentiating metabolic syndrome from other diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Metabolic syndrome occurs in the presence of insulin resistance and accompanying obesity. It increases the risk for coronary heart disease, diabetes, fatty liver, stroke and some cancers. It may manifests as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The differential diagnosis includes chronic liver disease, cushing syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia with overlapping presentations.

Differentiating Metabolic syndrome from other Diseases

Metabolic syndrome should be differentiated from the following diseases:

1. Chronic liver disease - spider angioma, telangiectasia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites.
2. Cushing syndrome - central obesity, plethoric, moon face, buffalo hump, acne, purple striae.
3. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Presentation - Obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, signs of hyperandrogenism (genital ambiguity in females, precocious puberty in males) and adrenal crisis (if went undiagnosed)