Mental retardation physical examination: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
No edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Mental retardation}}
{{Mental retardation}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Chelsea}}


Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How to Edit a Page|here]] to learn about editing.
==Overview==
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].


== References ==
OR
{{reflist|2}}
 
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
 
==Physical Examination==
A detailed physical examination has three parts: <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kishore MT, Udipi GA, Seshadri SP |title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of intellectual disability |journal=Indian J Psychiatry |volume=61 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=194–210 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30745696 |pmc=6345136 |doi=10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_507_18 |url=}}</ref>
# [[Anthropometry]] – provides an estimate of the [[nutrition]], any underlying [[medical]] or [[genetic]] condition. Assessment includes: [[height]], [[arm span]], sitting [[height]], [[weight]], [[head circumference]], [[chest]] circumference, [[abdominal]] circumference, [[intercanthal]] and [[interpupillary]] distances, and [[palm]] and [[foot]] lengths.
# [[Dysmorphology]] [[examination]] – this documents [[birth defects]] by conducting a [[head-to-toe]] examination to look for minor physical anomalies that could shed light on the [[etiology]] of ID.
# Examination of major [[organ systems]]- this could provide clues toward a [[disorder]] involving [[inborn error of metabolism]]. [[Assessment]] should include [[vision]], [[hearing]], and [[gait]]. Patients are referred to [[geneticists]] for further evaluation in case of a [[minor physical anomaly]].
#[[Behavioral]] observation – this is to correlate the [[clinical history]] and [[intellectual]] and [[behavioral]] [[abilities]]. It starts with observing [[general appearance]], any oddities in [[behavior]], [[attention span]], [[receptive]] and [[expressive]] [[speech]], [[social skills]].
 
*'''[[HEENT]]'''
**[[Scalp]] [[hair]]: sparse, light-colored, double [[whorl]] on the [[scalp]], easily breakable
**[[Skull]] shape: [[brachycephaly]], [[scaphocephaly]], [[trigonocephaly]], [[oxycephaly]], [[plagiocephaly]]
**[[Facial]] appearance: [[coarse facies]], elongated, triangular, small
**[[Eyes]]: deeply set, prominent, [[microphthalmia]], [[upslanting]]/[[downslanting]] [[palpebral]] [[fissures]], [[hypertelorism]], [[strabismus]], [[ptosis]], bushy [[eyebrows]], [[synopharys]], [[microcornea]], [[corneal]] [[clouding]], [[cataracts]], [[coloboma]] of the [[iris]], [[blue sclera]], [[telangiectasia]]
**[[Ears]]: low set, small, large, [[malformed]], posteriorly rotated, [[anteverted]], [[periauricular tags]], [[pits]], cup shape
**[[Nose]]: depressed [[nasal bridge]], short and stubby, beak-shaped, bulbous tip, flaring, hypoplastic [[nostrils]]
**[[Palate]]: [[high-arched]], ridged, [[cleft]], [[bifid]] [[uvula]]
**[[Chin]]: prominent, [[retrognathia]], [[micrognathia]]
 
*'''[[Chest]]:''' [[pectus excavatum]], [[pectus carinatum]], [[nipple]] [[anomalies]], [[gynecomastia]]
*'''[[Abdomen]]:''' [[Protuberant]], [[scaphoid]], [[umbilical]] [[hernia]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[inguinal]] [[hernia]]
*''' [[Genitourinary]]:''' [[micropenis]], [[micro-orchidism]] or [[macro-orchidism]], undescended [[testis]], [[ambiguous genitalia]], [[hypospadias]], absent [[secondary sexual characteristics]], [[shawl]] [[scrotum]]
*'''[[Neuromuscular]]:''' [[kyphosis]], [[scoliosis]], [[spina bifida]]
*'''[[Extremities]]'''
**[[Hands]]: broad, shorthands, [[simian crease]], [[Sidney line]], spade-shaped
**[[Fingers]]: [[clinodactyly]], [[brachydactyly]], [[syndactyly]], [[camptodactyly]], [[arachnodactyly]], [[polydactyly]]
**[[Feet]]: [[Pes planus]], [[pes cavus]], [[valgus]]/[[varus]], broad [[hallux]], increased distance between 1st and 2nd [[toes]]
*'''[[Skeletal]]''': [[exostoses]], increase carrying angles, [[joint hypermobility]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
Line 11: Line 52:
{{WS}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
 
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Disability]]

Latest revision as of 04:46, 22 July 2021

Mental retardation Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mental retardation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Mental retardation physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mental retardation physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Mental retardation physical examination

CDC on Mental retardation physical examination

Mental retardation physical examination in the news

Blogs on Mental retardation physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mental retardation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mental retardation physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]

Overview

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

A detailed physical examination has three parts: [1]

  1. Anthropometry – provides an estimate of the nutrition, any underlying medical or genetic condition. Assessment includes: height, arm span, sitting height, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, intercanthal and interpupillary distances, and palm and foot lengths.
  2. Dysmorphology examination – this documents birth defects by conducting a head-to-toe examination to look for minor physical anomalies that could shed light on the etiology of ID.
  3. Examination of major organ systems- this could provide clues toward a disorder involving inborn error of metabolism. Assessment should include vision, hearing, and gait. Patients are referred to geneticists for further evaluation in case of a minor physical anomaly.
  4. Behavioral observation – this is to correlate the clinical history and intellectual and behavioral abilities. It starts with observing general appearance, any oddities in behavior, attention span, receptive and expressive speech, social skills.

References

  1. Kishore MT, Udipi GA, Seshadri SP (January 2019). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of intellectual disability". Indian J Psychiatry. 61 (Suppl 2): 194–210. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_507_18. PMC 6345136. PMID 30745696.

Template:WH

Template:WS