Keratoacanthoma: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 16:51, 27 August 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Homa Najafi, M.D.[3]

Overview

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common, benign, epithelial tumor that was previously considered to be a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The etiology is unknown. No human papillomavirus-DNA sequences were detected in lesions by polymerase chain reaction. It is a disease of the elderly (mean age, 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100,000. It is not associated with internal malignancy. There may be a seasonal presentation of keratoacanthoma that suggests that ultraviolet radiation has an acute effect on the development of KA. KAs may develop in sites of previous trauma. Most cases are the “crateriform” type, which grow rapidly then undergo spontaneous regression. Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive variants with no regression and persistent invasive growth. These are referred to as keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and mutilating keratoacanthomas and can lead to severe defects.

KA begins as a smooth, dome-shaped, red papule that resembles molluscum contagiosum. In a few weeks the tumor may rapidly expand to 1 or 2cm and develop a central keratin-filled crater that is frequently filled with crust. The growth retains its smooth surface, unlike a squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated, growth stops in approximately 6 weeks, and the tumor remains unchanged for an indefinite period. In the majority of cases it then regresses slowly over 2 to 12 months and frequently heals with scarring. The limbs, particularly the sun-exposed hands and arms, are the most common site; the trunk is the second most common site, but KA may occur on any skin surface, including the anal area. On occasion, multiple KAs appear, or a single lesion extends over several centimeters. These variants resist treatment and are unlikely to undergo spontaneous emission.

According to a review of literature by Robert A. Schwartz, KA was once considered a benign neoplasm that resembled a highly malignant one (pseudomalignancy), but it is now viewed in an opposite light as a cancer that resembles a benign neoplasm (pseudobenignity). KA is an abortive malignancy that rarely progresses into an invasive SCC. The KA may serve as a marker for the important autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome, the Muir-Torre syndrome, as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene.[4]

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

Skin

Keratoacanthoma-Linear Epidermal Nevus

keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[1]
keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[1]
keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[1]
keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[1]

Differentiating keratoacanthoma from other Diseases

Diseases		Type	Color	Texture	Size	Distribution	Dermoscopic Findings	Histopathology	Additional findings
Diseases		Skin examination					Diagnosis		Additional findings
Keratoacanthoma^[2]		Macule Papule May have telangiectasias	Skin-colored Mildly erythematous	Prominent keratinous core in the center of the nodule	1 to 2.5 cm	Sun-exposed areas Face, neck, hands, and arms	White circles Keratin Blood spots White structureless zones	Well-differentiated squamous epithelium Central keratin core Epidermal hyperplasia + large eosinophilic keratinocytes Dermal inflammatory infiltrate	Rapid growth (within weeks)
Merkel cell carcinoma^[3]		Intracutaneous nodule	Shiny Flesh-colored or bluish-red	Firm	< 1 cm	Sun-exposed areas Head and neck Upper limbs and shoulder Lower limbs and hip Trunk	Milky red areas Linear Irregular vessels Polymorphous vessels	Uniform cells with large basophilic nuclei Single-cell necrosis Frequent mitoses Lymphovascular invasion Perineural invasion Epidermal involvement via pagetoid spread	Older individuals with light skin tones Rapidly growing
Dermatofibroma^[4]^[5]		Nodule	Hyperpigmented	Firm	0.3- 1 cm	Mostly seen in extremities		Localized nodular proliferation of spindle-shaped fibrous cells in a mixture of histocytoid cells inside the dermis Spiculated margin of cells “Storiform” pattern Collagen bundles "Grenz zone" Epidermal hyperplasia	Slow growth over the years
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans^[6]^[7]		Patch Plaque	Skin-colored, violet or reddish-brown	Firm	1-5 cm	Mostly seen in trunk	Presence of vessels pigmented network pinkish background	Highly cellular with cells having following characteristics: Monomorphic Thin Spindly Scant eosinophilic cytoplasm Hyperchromatic nuclei (resembling neurofibroma)
Kaposi sarcoma^[8]^[9]		Macule Patch	Red/violaceous	Smooth	Variable	Mucus membrane	Rainbow pattern scaly surface Small brown globules	Spindle cells with minimal nuclear atypia Excessive vascular proliferation Abundant red blood cells RBC and hemosiderin extravasation Abundant lymphocytes and monocytes Premonitory sign Intracytoplasmic PAS +ve hyaline globules	Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma^[10]	SCC in situ (Bowen's disease)	Patch Plaque	Erythematous Skin colored	Scaly	Variable	Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation	Presence of dotted and/or glomerular vessels White to yellowish surface scales Red-yellowish background	Keratinocytic dysplasia of the epidermis No infiltration into dermis Pleomorphic keratinocytes Hyperchromatic nuclei	Slow growth over the years
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma^[10]	Invasive squamous cell carcinoma	Papule Plaque Nodule	Skin colored	Indurated + hyperkeratotic (well differentiated) Soft + ulceration (poorly differentiated)	0.5 to 1.5 cm	Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation	White circles White structureless areas Masses of keratin Hairpin and linear-irregular vessels	Keratinocytic dysplasia of the epidermis No infiltration into dermis Pleomorphic keratinocytes Hyperchromatic nuclei	May be painful or pruritic
Basal cell carcinoma^[11]	Nodular basal cell carcinoma	Papule	Flesh-colored	Small bump	Variable	Face	Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing vessels Loosely arranged blue-gray dots	Nest-like infiltration with basaloid cells	May have a "rolled" border
	Superficial basal cell carcinoma	Patch	Erythematous	Scaly	1 to > 10 cm	Sun-exposed areas Head (cheek and nose) Trunk	Superficial fine telangiectasia Shiny white to red, translucent or opaque structureless areas Multiple small erosions	Large, hyperchromatic, oval nuclei Minimal cytoplasm Small basaloid nodules	Higher incidence in men
	Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)^[12]	Papule Plaque	Flesh-colored Slightly erythematous	Firm Indurated Indistinct borders	Variable	Sun-exposed areas	Whitish background Few fine arborizing vessels Multiple brown dots Ulceration	Thin columns + small nodules Highly collagenized stroma	Expression of smooth muscle protein alpha-actin in tumor stroma
Prurigo nodules^[13]^[14]		Dome-shaped nodule	Flesh-colored Erythematous Brown/black	Firm	Variable	Extensor surfaces of the arms and legs and on the trunk Upper back, abdomen, and sacrum	White "starburst pattern" surrounding red/brown/yellow crusts Erosions Hyperkeratosis	Thick and compact orthohyperkeratosis Irregular epidermal hyperplasia Focal parakeratosis with irregular acanthosis Nonspecific dermal infiltrate containing WBCs	Nodules range in number from few to hundreds Worsened by heat, sweating, or irritation from clothing
Melanoma^[15]	Melanoma in situ (Lentigo Maligna)^[16]	Macule	Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)	Smooth	Around 1 cm	Sun-damaged skin of the head or neck	Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings Gray angulated lines Gray areas, dots, and globules Circle within a circle	↑ atypical spindle shaped melanocytes Arranged in single cells or in small nests along the dermal-epidermal junction	Darkening of pigmentation, sharpening of borders, or emergence of nodular areas are signs of progression to lentigo maligna melanoma
	Lentigo maligna melanoma^[17]	Macule	Brown/tan	Freckle-like	Variable	Chronically sun-damaged areas	Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings Gray angulated lines Gray areas, dots, and globules Circle within a circle	"Star-burst giant cells" in epidermis "Swallow's nest" sign along the dermal-epidermal junction Minimal cytoplasm Pale nucleus with small nucleoli	Usually in older individuals
	Superficial spreading melanoma^[18]	Macule Plaque with irregular borders	Variably pigmented (red, blue, black, gray, and white)	Thin	1 mm to > 1 cm	Anywhere but usually: Back (men and women) Lower extremities (women)	Asymmetry of shape > 2 colors Asymmetry of structures	Asymmetric Poorly circumscribed Lack cellular maturation	Lateral (radial) growth before vertical (invasive) growth
	Nodular melanoma^[19]^[20]	Polypoid nodule	Dark color	Lump	6mm to > 1 cm	Trunk Head Neck	Pigment network or pseudonetwork Aggregated brown or black globules Blue pigmentation within lesion Small dotted or comma vessels	Cells proliferate downwards through the skin Dermal growth in isolation or in association with an epidermal component	Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles Rapidly enlarging
	Acral lentiginous melanoma^[21]	Macule Patch	Dark brown to black	Raised areas Ulceration Bleeding	Variable	Palmar Plantar Subungual Mucosal surfaces	Parallel-ridge pattern Irregular diffuse pigmentation	Asymmetric proliferation of single melanocytes at dermoepidermal junction	Most common among dark skinned individuals
	Amelanotic melanoma^[22]	Patch	Skin color	Slightly elevated borders	Around 6 mm	Sun-exposed areas	No melanin pigmentation Dotted vessels Linear irregular vessels		Lesions not pigmented since they don't produce melanin
Common nevus^[23]^[24]		Dome-shaped nodules	Hypopigmented	Smooth surface Terminal hairs often present	1 cm to > 20 cm	Sun-exposed areas above the waist	Comma-shaped or curved vessels Structureless light brown background Residual brown thick circles around the hair follicles	Multinucleated melanocytes Melanocytes diffusely infiltrate dermis	Also called Miescher nevus
Blue nevus^[25]		Macule Papule	Blue	Smooth	Variable	Head and neck, Dorsal aspect of the distal extremities Sacral area	Structureless blue pigmentation Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions	Proliferation of dendritic, dermal, melanin-producing melanocytes	Also called Mongolian spots
Spitz nevus^[26]^[27]	Nonpigmented Spitz nevus	Nodule	Pink	Smooth	< 1 cm	Cheek	Coiled vessels White network over a pink to reddish background		In children and adolescents
Spitz nevus^[26]^[27]	Reed-like Spitz^[28]	Papule	Heavily pigmented	Smooth	< 1 cm	Head and neck Upper and lower extremities	Structureless black to gray center Hypopigmented follicular openings Peripheral streaks Pseudopods Globules	Enlarged spindle melanocytes with polyangular form "Ground glass" cytoplasm	Most commonly develops in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Solar lentigo^[29]		Multiple spots	Brown	Smooth	Around 5mm	Sun-exposed areas	Faint pigmented fingerprint structures Structureless pattern Light brown pseudonetwork with well-defined borders and a "moth-eaten" edge	↑ melanin deposition in keratinocytes ↑ linear arrangement of melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction	Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
Sebaceous hyperplasia^[30]		Papule	Skin-colored to brownish	Umbilicated	2 - 6 mm	Forehead Nose Cheeks	Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown vessels"		Usually in middle-aged or older patients
Lichen planus-like keratosis^[31]		Papule Plaque	Gray to brown	Prominent	Variable	Upper trunk	Shows a coarse or fine, gray to blue, granular pigmentation Diffuse brownish gray granules	Hypergranulosis Epidermal hyperplasia Superficial bandlike infiltrate Melanophages	Appearance depends on stage of evolution

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 ^1.33 ^1.34 ^1.35 ^1.36 ^1.37 ^1.38 ^1.39 ^1.40 ^1.41 ^1.42 ^1.43 ^1.44 ^1.45 ^1.46 ^1.47 ^1.48 ^1.49 ^1.50 ^1.51 ^1.52 ^1.53 ^1.54 ^1.55 "Dermatology Atlas".
↑ Kwiek B, Schwartz RA (2016). "Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review". J Am Acad Dermatol. 74 (6): 1220–33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033. PMID 26853179.
↑ Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.
↑ Lee, MiWoo; Lee, WooJin; Jung, JoonMin; Won, ChongHyun; Chang, SungEun; Choi, JeeHo; Moon, KeeChan (2015). "Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 81 (3): 263. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.154795. ISSN 0378-6323.
↑ Mentzel, Thomas; Wiesner, Thomas; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Hantschke, Markus; Kutzner, Heinz; Rütten, Arno; Häberle, Michael; Bisceglia, Michele; Chibon, Frederic; Coindre, Jean-Michel (2012). "Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases". Modern Pathology. 26 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.157. ISSN 0893-3952.
↑ Bernard, J.; Poulalhon, N.; Argenziano, G.; Debarbieux, S.; Dalle, S.; Thomas, L. (2013). "Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases". British Journal of Dermatology. 169 (1): 85–90. doi:10.1111/bjd.12318. ISSN 0007-0963.
↑ Acosta, Alvaro E.; Vélez, Catalina Santa (2017). "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans". Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 18 (9). doi:10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5. ISSN 1527-2729.
↑ Cesarman, Ethel; Damania, Blossom; Krown, Susan E.; Martin, Jeffrey; Bower, Mark; Whitby, Denise (2019). "Kaposi sarcoma". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 5 (1). doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9. ISSN 2056-676X.
↑ Hu, S C-S; Ke, C-L K; Lee, C-H; Wu, C-S; Chen, G-S; Cheng, S-T (2009). "Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured 'rainbow pattern'". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 23 (10): 1128–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
↑ Petter G, Haustein UF (2000). "Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma". Dermatol Surg. 26 (6): 521–30. PMID 10848931.
↑ Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ (2013). "High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 27 (8): 985–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x. PMID 22759209.
↑ Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA (1996). "Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California". J Am Acad Dermatol. 35 (6): 907–10. PMID 8959949.
↑ Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G (2015). "Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis". J Dermatol. 42 (6): 632–4. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12844. PMID 25808786.
↑ Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S (2010). "Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (5): 578–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x. PMID 20002240.
↑ Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
↑ Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
↑ Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
↑ Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I (2009). "Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis". Semin Cutan Med Surg. 28 (3): 142–8. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001. PMID 19782937.
↑ Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F; et al. (2003). "Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet". J Am Acad Dermatol. 48 (5): 679–93. doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.281. PMID 12734496.
↑ Menzies, Scott W.; Moloney, Fergal J.; Byth, Karen; Avramidis, Michelle; Argenziano, Giuseppe; Zalaudek, Iris; Braun, Ralph P.; Malvehy, Josep; Puig, Susana; Rabinovitz, Harold S.; Oliviero, Margaret; Cabo, Horacio; Bono, Riccardo; Pizzichetta, Maria A.; Claeson, Magdalena; Gaffney, Daniel C.; Soyer, H. Peter; Stanganelli, Ignazio; Scolyer, Richard A.; Guitera, Pascale; Kelly, John; McCurdy, Olivia; Llambrich, Alex; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Zaballos, Pedro; Kirchesch, Herbert M.; Piccolo, Domenico; Bowling, Jonathan; Thomas, Luc; Terstappen, Karin; Tanaka, Masaru; Pellacani, Giovanni; Pagnanelli, Gianluca; Ghigliotti, Giovanni; Ortega, Blanca Carlos; Crafter, Greg; Ortiz, Ana María Perusquía; Tromme, Isabelle; Karaarslan, Isil Kilinc; Ozdemir, Fezal; Tam, Anthony; Landi, Christian; Norton, Peter; Kaçar, Nida; Rudnicka, Lidia; Slowinska, Monika; Simionescu, Olga; Di Stefani, Alessandro; Coates, Elliot; Kreusch, Juergen (2013). "Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma". JAMA Dermatology. 149 (6): 699. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466. ISSN 2168-6068.
↑ Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L (2010). "Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population". Br J Dermatol. 162 (4): 765–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x. PMID 19922528.
↑ Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG (2012). "Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma". An Bras Dermatol. 87 (6): 920–3. PMC 3699915. PMID 23197217.
↑ Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
↑ Bauer J, Garbe C (2003). "Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data". Pigment Cell Res. 16 (3): 297–306. PMID 12753404.
↑ Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC, Busam K (2001). "Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'". Am J Surg Pathol. 25 (3): 316–23. PMID 11224601.
↑ Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H (2011). "Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses". J Am Acad Dermatol. 65 (6): 1073–84. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040. PMC 3217183. PMID 22082838.
↑ Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G; et al. (2011). "Natural evolution of Spitz nevi". Dermatology. 222 (3): 256–60. doi:10.1159/000326109. PMID 21494025.
↑ Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A (2016). "Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation". Dermatol Pract Concept. 6 (2): 37–41. doi:10.5826/dpc.0602a07. PMC 4866625. PMID 27222770.
↑ Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K (2011). "Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo". J Dermatol. 38 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x. PMID 21175756.
↑ Sato T, Tanaka M (2014). "Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest". Dermatol Pract Concept. 4 (1): 93–5. doi:10.5826/dpc.0401a16. PMC 3919849. PMID 24520522.
↑ Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S (2005). "Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases". Am J Dermatopathol. 27 (5): 387–92. PMID 16148406.

External links

eMedicine.com article on Keratoacanthoma

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Dermatology_Atlas-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 ^1.33 ^1.34 ^1.35 ^1.36 ^1.37 ^1.38 ^1.39 ^1.40 ^1.41 ^1.42 ^1.43 ^1.44 ^1.45 ^1.46 ^1.47 ^1.48 ^1.49 ^1.50 ^1.51 ^1.52 ^1.53 ^1.54 ^1.55 "Dermatology Atlas".

[pmid26853179-2] Kwiek B, Schwartz RA (2016). "Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review". J Am Acad Dermatol. 74 (6): 1220–33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033. PMID 26853179.

[pmid19638070-3] Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.

[LeeLee2015-4] Lee, MiWoo; Lee, WooJin; Jung, JoonMin; Won, ChongHyun; Chang, SungEun; Choi, JeeHo; Moon, KeeChan (2015). "Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 81 (3): 263. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.154795. ISSN 0378-6323.

[MentzelWiesner2012-5] Mentzel, Thomas; Wiesner, Thomas; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Hantschke, Markus; Kutzner, Heinz; Rütten, Arno; Häberle, Michael; Bisceglia, Michele; Chibon, Frederic; Coindre, Jean-Michel (2012). "Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases". Modern Pathology. 26 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.157. ISSN 0893-3952.

[BernardPoulalhon2013-6] Bernard, J.; Poulalhon, N.; Argenziano, G.; Debarbieux, S.; Dalle, S.; Thomas, L. (2013). "Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases". British Journal of Dermatology. 169 (1): 85–90. doi:10.1111/bjd.12318. ISSN 0007-0963.

[AcostaVélez2017-7] Acosta, Alvaro E.; Vélez, Catalina Santa (2017). "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans". Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 18 (9). doi:10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5. ISSN 1527-2729.

[CesarmanDamania2019-8] Cesarman, Ethel; Damania, Blossom; Krown, Susan E.; Martin, Jeffrey; Bower, Mark; Whitby, Denise (2019). "Kaposi sarcoma". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 5 (1). doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9. ISSN 2056-676X.

[HuKe2009-9] Hu, S C-S; Ke, C-L K; Lee, C-H; Wu, C-S; Chen, G-S; Cheng, S-T (2009). "Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured 'rainbow pattern'". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 23 (10): 1128–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x. ISSN 0926-9959.

[pmid10848931-10] Petter G, Haustein UF (2000). "Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma". Dermatol Surg. 26 (6): 521–30. PMID 10848931.

[pmid22759209-11] Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ (2013). "High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 27 (8): 985–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x. PMID 22759209.

[pmid8959949-12] Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA (1996). "Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California". J Am Acad Dermatol. 35 (6): 907–10. PMID 8959949.

[pmid25808786-13] Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G (2015). "Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis". J Dermatol. 42 (6): 632–4. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12844. PMID 25808786.

[pmid20002240-14] Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S (2010). "Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (5): 578–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x. PMID 20002240.

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Keratoacanthoma: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:51, 27 August 2019

Contents

Overview

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

Skin

Face

Extremities

Ear

Scalp

Keratoacanthoma Pendulum

Keratoacanthoma-Linear Epidermal Nevus

Differentiating keratoacanthoma from other Diseases

References

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SI}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{KS}}{{Homa}}
+==Overview==
 '''Keratoacanthoma''' (KA) is a relatively common, benign, epithelial tumor that was previously considered to be a variant of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] (SCC). The etiology is unknown. No [[human papillomavirus]]-DNA sequences were detected in lesions by polymerase chain reaction. It is a disease of the elderly (mean age, 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100,000. It is not associated with internal malignancy. There may be a seasonal presentation of keratoacanthoma that suggests that ultraviolet radiation has an acute effect on the development of KA. KAs may develop in sites of previous trauma. Most cases are the “crateriform” type, which grow rapidly then undergo spontaneous regression. Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive variants with no regression and persistent invasive growth. These are referred to as keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and mutilating keratoacanthomas and can lead to severe defects.
@@ Line 9: / Line 8: @@
 According to a review of literature by [[Robert A. Schwartz]], KA was once considered a benign neoplasm that resembled a highly malignant one (pseudomalignancy), but it is now viewed in an opposite light as a cancer that resembles a benign neoplasm (pseudobenignity).  KA is an abortive malignancy that rarely progresses into an invasive SCC. The KA may serve as a marker for the important [[autosomal dominant]] familial cancer syndrome, the [[Muir-Torre syndrome]], as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=14871228&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum]
-==External links==
-*[http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic206.htm eMedicine.com article on Keratoacanthoma]
 <br>
 [[fr:Kératoacanthome]]
 [[pl:Rogowiak kolczystokomórkowy]]
 ==Diagnosis==
-===physicalExamination===
+===Physical Examination===
+====Skin====
 =====Face=====
 <gallery>
-Image:keratoacanthoma01.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma01.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma02.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma02.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma03.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma03.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma08.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma13.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma12.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma12.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma14.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma14.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma15.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma15.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma19.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma19.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma20.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma20.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma16.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma17.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma18.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma21.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma22.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma40.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
+=====Extremities=====
+<gallery>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma23.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma24.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma28.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma29.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma30.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma31.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma32.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma33.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma34.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma44.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma45.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma46.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma47.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma48.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma49.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma50.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology
+Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma04.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma05.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma06.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma07.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma41.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma25.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma26.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma08.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma11.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma35.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma36.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma42.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
+=====Ear=====
+<gallery>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma09.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma10.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
+=====Scalp=====
+<gallery>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma38.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma39.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Keratoacanthoma37.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 </gallery>
-=====Extremities=====
+===Keratoacanthoma Pendulum===
+<gallery>
+Image:keratoacanthomapendulum01.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthomapendulum02.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthomapendulum03.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthomapendulum04.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthomapendulum05.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
+===Keratoacanthoma-Linear Epidermal Nevus===
 <gallery>
-Image:keratoacanthoma23.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus01.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma24.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus02.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma28.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus03.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma29.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus04.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma30.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma31.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma32.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma33.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma34.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma43.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma44.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma45.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma46.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma47.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma48.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma49.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma50.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology
-Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma04.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma05.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma06.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma07.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
-Image:keratoacanthoma41.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 </gallery>
+==Differentiating keratoacanthoma from other Diseases==
+<br />
+{|
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
+| colspan="5" |'''Skin examination'''
+! colspan="2" |Diagnosis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Type
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Color
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Texture
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Size
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Distribution
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dermoscopic Findings
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Keratoacanthoma]]'''<ref name="pmid26853179">{{cite journal| author=Kwiek B, Schwartz RA| title=Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 1220-33 | pmid=26853179 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26853179  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Macule]]
+*[[Papule]]
+* May have [[telangiectasias]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Skin]]-colored
+* Mildly [[erythematous]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Prominent [[keratinous]] [[Core (anatomy)|core]] in the center of the [[nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 1 to 2.5 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed areas
+*[[Face]], [[neck]], [[hands]], and [[Arm|arms]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* White circles
+*[[Keratin]]
+*[[Blood]] spots
+* White structureless zones
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Well-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]] [[squamous epithelium]]
+* Central [[keratin]] core
+*[[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]] + large [[eosinophilic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
+*[[Dermal]] [[inflammatory]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Rapid [[growth]] (within weeks)
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19638070">{{cite journal| author=Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE| title=Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-7 | pmid=19638070 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19638070  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Intracutaneous [[nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Shiny
+* Flesh-colored or bluish-red
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Firm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* < 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed areas
+* [[Head]] and [[neck]]
+* [[Upper limbs]] and [[shoulder]]
+* [[Lower limbs]] and [[hip]]
+* [[Trunk]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Milky red areas
+* Linear
+* Irregular [[vessels]]
+*[[Polymorphic|Polymorphous]] [[vessels]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Uniform [[cells]] with large [[basophilic]] [[nuclei]]
+* Single-cell [[necrosis]]
+* Frequent [[mitoses]]
+* Lymphovascular [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]]
+*[[Perineurium|Perineural]] [[invasion]]
+* [[Epidermal]] involvement via [[pagetoid]] spread
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Older individuals with light [[skin]] tones
+* Rapidly [[Growth|growing]]
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Dermatofibroma'''<ref name="LeeLee2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=MiWoo|last2=Lee|first2=WooJin|last3=Jung|first3=JoonMin|last4=Won|first4=ChongHyun|last5=Chang|first5=SungEun|last6=Choi|first6=JeeHo|last7=Moon|first7=KeeChan|title=Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology|volume=81|issue=3|year=2015|pages=263|issn=0378-6323|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.154795}}</ref><ref name="MentzelWiesner2012">{{cite journal|last1=Mentzel|first1=Thomas|last2=Wiesner|first2=Thomas|last3=Cerroni|first3=Lorenzo|last4=Hantschke|first4=Markus|last5=Kutzner|first5=Heinz|last6=Rütten|first6=Arno|last7=Häberle|first7=Michael|last8=Bisceglia|first8=Michele|last9=Chibon|first9=Frederic|last10=Coindre|first10=Jean-Michel|title=Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=26|issue=2|year=2012|pages=256–267|issn=0893-3952|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2012.157}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Hyperpigmentation|Hyperpigmented]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Firm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*0.3- 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Mostly seen in [[extremities]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Localized [[nodular]] [[proliferation]] of [[spindle]]-shaped [[fibrous]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] in a [[mixture]] of [[Histiocyte|histocytoid]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] inside the [[dermis]]
+* Spiculated margin of cells
+* “Storiform” [[pattern]]
+*[[Collagen]] bundles
+* "Grenz zone"
+*[[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Slow [[growth]] over the years
+!
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]]'''<ref name="BernardPoulalhon2013">{{cite journal|last1=Bernard|first1=J.|last2=Poulalhon|first2=N.|last3=Argenziano|first3=G.|last4=Debarbieux|first4=S.|last5=Dalle|first5=S.|last6=Thomas|first6=L.|title=Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=169|issue=1|year=2013|pages=85–90|issn=00070963|doi=10.1111/bjd.12318}}</ref><ref name="AcostaVélez2017">{{cite journal|last1=Acosta|first1=Alvaro E.|last2=Vélez|first2=Catalina Santa|title=Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans|journal=Current Treatment Options in Oncology|volume=18|issue=9|year=2017|issn=1527-2729|doi=10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+*[[Plaque]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Skin]]-[[Color|colored]], [[Violet (plant)|violet]] or [[Red-Al|reddish]]-[[brown]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Firm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*1-5 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Mostly seen in [[trunk]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Presence of [[vessels]]
+*[[Pigmentation|pigmented]] network
+*pinkish [[background]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Highly [[cellular]] with [[Cells (biology)|cells]] having following [[Characteristic function (probability theory)|characteristics]]:
+** Monomorphic
+** Thin
+** [[Spindle cells|Spindly]]
+** Scant [[eosinophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]
+** Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]] (resembling [[neurofibroma]])
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+!
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Kaposi sarcoma]]'''<ref name="CesarmanDamania2019">{{cite journal|last1=Cesarman|first1=Ethel|last2=Damania|first2=Blossom|last3=Krown|first3=Susan E.|last4=Martin|first4=Jeffrey|last5=Bower|first5=Mark|last6=Whitby|first6=Denise|title=Kaposi sarcoma|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|volume=5|issue=1|year=2019|issn=2056-676X|doi=10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9}}</ref><ref name="HuKe2009">{{cite journal|last1=Hu|first1=S C-S|last2=Ke|first2=C-L K|last3=Lee|first3=C-H|last4=Wu|first4=C-S|last5=Chen|first5=G-S|last6=Cheng|first6=S-T|title=Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured ‘rainbow pattern’|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=23|issue=10|year=2009|pages=1128–1132|issn=09269959|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Macule]]
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Red/violaceous
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Variable]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Mucus membrane]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Rainbow pattern
+* scaly [[Surface area|surface]]
+* Small brown globules
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Spindle cells]] with minimal [[nuclear]] [[atypia]]
+* Excessive [[vascular]] [[proliferation]]
+* Abundant [[Red blood cell|red blood cells]]
+*[[RBC]] and [[hemosiderin]] [[extravasation]]
+* Abundant [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]] and [[monocytes]]
+* Premonitory sign
+* Intracytoplasmic [[PAS stain|PAS]] +ve [[hyaline]] globules
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with [[AIDS|acquired immune deficiency syndrome]] ([[AIDS]])
+|-
+| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid10848931">{{cite journal| author=Petter G, Haustein UF| title=Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. | journal=Dermatol Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 521-30 | pmid=10848931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848931  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of skin|'''SCC in situ (Bowen's disease''')]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+*[[Plaque]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Erythematous]]
+* Skin colored
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Scaly
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
+* In black individuals: [[Leg|legs]], [[anus]], and areas of [[chronic inflammation]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Presence of dotted and/or [[glomerular]] [[vessels]]
+* White to yellowish [[Surface area|surface]] scales
+* Red-yellowish [[background]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
+* No [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] into [[dermis]]
+*[[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
+* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Slow [[growth]] over the years
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Invasive squamous cell carcinoma'''
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Papules|Papule]]
+* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
+* [[Nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Skin colored
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Induration|Indurated]] + [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]]  (well [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
+* Soft + [[ulceration]] (poorly [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 0.5 to 1.5 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
+* In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* White circles
+* White structureless areas
+*[[Mass|Masses]] of [[keratin]]
+*[[Hairpin]] and linear-irregular [[vessels]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
+* No [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] into [[dermis]]
+* [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
+* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* May be [[painful]] or [[Itch|pruritic]]
+|-
+| rowspan="3" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Basal cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid22759209">{{cite journal| author=Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ| title=High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases. | journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | year= 2013 | volume= 27 | issue= 8 | pages= 985-9 | pmid=22759209 | doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22759209  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular basal cell carcinoma]]'''
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Papule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Flesh-colored
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Small [[Bumps on skin|bump]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Face]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing [[vessels]]
+* Loosely arranged blue-gray dots
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Nest-like [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] with [[Basal cell|basaloid]] [[cells]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* May have a "rolled" [[Borderline|border]]
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Superficial basal cell carcinoma '''
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Erythematous]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Scaly
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 1 to > 10 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed areas
+* [[Head]] (cheek and nose)
+* [[Trunk]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Superficial]] fine [[Telangiectasias|telangiectasia]]
+* Shiny white to red, [[translucent]] or opaque structureless areas
+* Multiple small erosions
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Large, hyperchromatic, oval [[nuclei]]
+* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
+* Small basaloid nodules
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Higher [[incidence]] in men
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)'''<ref name="pmid8959949">{{cite journal| author=Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA| title=Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 6 | pages= 907-10 | pmid=8959949 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8959949  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Papule]]
+*[[Plaque]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Flesh-colored
+* [[Erythematous|Slightly erythematous]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Firm
+* [[Induration|Indurated]]
+* Indistinct [[Borderline|borders]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed areas
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Whitish [[background]]
+* Few fine arborizing [[vessels]]
+* Multiple brown dots
+* [[Ulceration]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Thin columns + small nodules
+* Highly [[Collagen|collagenized]] stroma
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Expression of [[Alpha-actin|smooth muscle protein alpha-actin]] in tumor [[stroma]]
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prurigo nodules'''<ref name="pmid25808786">{{cite journal| author=Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G| title=Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | pages= 632-4 | pmid=25808786 | doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12844 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25808786  }}</ref><ref name="pmid20002240">{{cite journal| author=Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S| title=Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 5 | pages= 578-86 | pmid=20002240 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20002240  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Dome-shaped [[nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Flesh-colored
+* [[Erythematous]]
+* Brown/black
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Firm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Extensor]] [[Surface area|surfaces]] of the [[Arm|arms]] and [[Leg|legs]] and on the [[trunk]]
+* Upper [[back]], [[abdomen]], and [[sacrum]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* White "starburst pattern" surrounding red/brown/yellow crusts
+*[[Erosion (dental)|Erosions]]
+*[[Hyperkeratosis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Thick and compact orthohyperkeratosis
+* Irregular [[epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
+* Focal parakeratosis with irregular [[Acanthosis nigricans|acanthosis]]
+* Nonspecific [[dermal]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]] containing [[WBC|WBCs]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Nodule (medicine)|Nodules]] range in number from few to hundreds
+* Worsened by [[heat]], [[sweating]], or [[irritation]] from clothing
+|-
+| rowspan="6" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid201377432">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Melanoma in situ''' (Lentigo Maligna)<ref name="pmid30266559">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Macule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Around 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-damaged [[skin]] of the [[head]] or [[neck]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Asymmetric, [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] follicular openings
+* Gray angulated lines
+* Gray areas, dots, and globules
+* Circle within a circle
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* '''↑''' atypical [[spindle]] shaped [[melanocytes]]
+* Arranged in single [[Cells (biology)|cells]] or in small nests along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Darkening of [[pigmentation]], sharpening of borders, or emergence of [[nodular]] areas are [[signs]] of progression to [[lentigo maligna melanoma]]
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lentigo maligna melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid302665592">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Macule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Brown/tan
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Freckle]]-like
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Chronic|Chronically]] sun-damaged [[Area|areas]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Asymmetric, [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] follicular openings
+* Gray angulated lines
+* Gray areas, dots, and globules
+* Circle within a circle
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* "Star-burst giant cells" in [[epidermis]]
+* "Swallow's nest" sign along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
+* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
+* Pale nucleus with small nucleoli
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Usually in older individuals
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Superficial spreading melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19782937">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I| title=Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis. | journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 142-8 | pmid=19782937 | doi=10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19782937  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Macule]]
+*[[Plaque]] with irregular [[Borderline|borders]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variably [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Thin
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 1 mm to > 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Anywhere but usually:
+**[[Back]] ([[men]] and [[women]])
+** Lower [[extremities]] ([[women]])
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Asymmetry of shape
+* > 2 colors
+* Asymmetry of structures
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Asymmetric
+* Poorly circumscribed
+* Lack [[cellular]] [[maturation]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Lateral]] (radial) [[growth]] before [[Vertical direction|vertical]] ([[invasive]]) [[growth]]
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid12734496">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F et al.| title=Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2003 | volume= 48 | issue= 5 | pages= 679-93 | pmid=12734496 | doi=10.1067/mjd.2003.281 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12734496  }}</ref><ref name="MenziesMoloney2013">{{cite journal|last1=Menzies|first1=Scott W.|last2=Moloney|first2=Fergal J.|last3=Byth|first3=Karen|last4=Avramidis|first4=Michelle|last5=Argenziano|first5=Giuseppe|last6=Zalaudek|first6=Iris|last7=Braun|first7=Ralph P.|last8=Malvehy|first8=Josep|last9=Puig|first9=Susana|last10=Rabinovitz|first10=Harold S.|last11=Oliviero|first11=Margaret|last12=Cabo|first12=Horacio|last13=Bono|first13=Riccardo|last14=Pizzichetta|first14=Maria A.|last15=Claeson|first15=Magdalena|last16=Gaffney|first16=Daniel C.|last17=Soyer|first17=H. Peter|last18=Stanganelli|first18=Ignazio|last19=Scolyer|first19=Richard A.|last20=Guitera|first20=Pascale|last21=Kelly|first21=John|last22=McCurdy|first22=Olivia|last23=Llambrich|first23=Alex|last24=Marghoob|first24=Ashfaq A.|last25=Zaballos|first25=Pedro|last26=Kirchesch|first26=Herbert M.|last27=Piccolo|first27=Domenico|last28=Bowling|first28=Jonathan|last29=Thomas|first29=Luc|last30=Terstappen|first30=Karin|last31=Tanaka|first31=Masaru|last32=Pellacani|first32=Giovanni|last33=Pagnanelli|first33=Gianluca|last34=Ghigliotti|first34=Giovanni|last35=Ortega|first35=Blanca Carlos|last36=Crafter|first36=Greg|last37=Ortiz|first37=Ana María Perusquía|last38=Tromme|first38=Isabelle|last39=Karaarslan|first39=Isil Kilinc|last40=Ozdemir|first40=Fezal|last41=Tam|first41=Anthony|last42=Landi|first42=Christian|last43=Norton|first43=Peter|last44=Kaçar|first44=Nida|last45=Rudnicka|first45=Lidia|last46=Slowinska|first46=Monika|last47=Simionescu|first47=Olga|last48=Di Stefani|first48=Alessandro|last49=Coates|first49=Elliot|last50=Kreusch|first50=Juergen|title=Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=149|issue=6|year=2013|pages=699|issn=2168-6068|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Polyploidy|Polypoid]] [[nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Dark color
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Lump]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 6mm to > 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Trunk]]
+*[[Head]]
+*[[Neck]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Pigment]] network or pseudonetwork
+* Aggregated brown or black globules
+* Blue [[pigmentation]] within [[lesion]]
+* Small dotted or comma [[vessels]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Cells (biology)|Cells]] [[proliferate]] downwards through the [[skin]]
+*[[Dermal]] [[growth]] in isolation or in association with an [[epidermal]] component
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Two-thirds arise in normal [[skin]], the rest in existing [[moles]]
+* Rapidly enlarging
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Acral lentiginous melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19922528">{{cite journal| author=Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L| title=Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 4 | pages= 765-71 | pmid=19922528 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19922528  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Macule]]
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Dark brown to black
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Raised [[Area|areas]]
+* [[Ulceration]]
+* [[Bleeding]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Palmar]]
+*[[Plantar]]
+* Subungual
+*[[Mucosal]] surfaces
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Parallel-ridge [[pattern]]
+* Irregular [[diffuse]] [[pigmentation]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Asymmetric [[proliferation]] of single [[melanocytes]] at dermoepidermal junction
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Most common among dark [[Skin|skinned]] individuals
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Amelanotic melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid23197217">{{cite journal| author=Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG| title=Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 920-3 | pmid=23197217 | doi= | pmc=3699915 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197217  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Patched|Patch]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Skin]] color
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Slightly elevated [[Borderline|borders]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Around 6 mm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* No [[melanin]] [[pigmentation]]
+* Dotted [[vessels]]
+* Linear irregular [[vessels]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Lesion|Lesions]] not [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] since they don't produce [[melanin]]
+*
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nevus|Common nevus]]<ref name="pmid20137743">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12753404">{{cite journal| author=Bauer J, Garbe C| title=Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. | journal=Pigment Cell Res | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-306 | pmid=12753404 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12753404  }}</ref>'''
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Dome-shaped  [[nodules]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Hypopigmentation|Hypopigmented]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth [[Surface area|surface]]
+* Terminal [[hairs]]  often present
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 1 cm to > 20 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]] above the [[waist]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Comma-shaped or curved [[vessels]]
+* Structureless light brown [[background]]
+* Residual brown thick circles around the [[hair follicles]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Multinucleated]] [[melanocytes]]
+* [[Melanocyte|Melanocytes]] diffusely [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]] [[dermis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Also called Miescher [[nevus]]
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Blue nevus]]'''<ref name="pmid11224601">{{cite journal| author=Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm  MC, Busam K| title=Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-23 | pmid=11224601 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11224601  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Macules|Macule]]
+* [[Papule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Blue
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Head]] and [[neck]],
+*[[Dorsal]] aspect of the [[distal]] [[extremities]]
+*[[Sacral]] [[area]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Structureless blue [[pigmentation]]
+* Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Proliferation]] of [[Dendritic cell|dendritic]], [[dermal]], [[melanin]]-producing [[melanocytes]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Also called [[Mongolian spot|Mongolian spots]]
+|-
+| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Spitz nevus'''<ref name="pmid22082838">{{cite journal| author=Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H| title=Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 65 | issue= 6 | pages= 1073-84 | pmid=22082838 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040 | pmc=3217183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22082838  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21494025">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G et al.| title=Natural evolution of Spitz nevi. | journal=Dermatology | year= 2011 | volume= 222 | issue= 3 | pages= 256-60 | pmid=21494025 | doi=10.1159/000326109 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21494025  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Nonpigmented Spitz nevus'''
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Nodule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Pink
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* < 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Cheek]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Coiled [[vessels]]
+* White network over a pink to reddish [[background]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* In [[children]] and [[Adolescent|adolescents]]
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Reed-like Spitz'''<ref name="pmid27222770">{{cite journal| author=Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A| title=Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 37-41 | pmid=27222770 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a07 | pmc=4866625 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27222770  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Papule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Heavily [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* < 1 cm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Head]] and [[neck]]
+* Upper and lower [[extremities]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Structureless black to gray center
+* [[Hypopigmented area|Hypopigmented]] follicular openings
+* Peripheral streaks
+* [[Pseudopods]]
+* Globules
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Enlarged [[spindle]] [[melanocytes]] with polyangular form
+* "Ground glass" [[cytoplasm]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Most commonly develops in [[children]], [[Adolescent|adolescents]], and young [[Adult|adults]].
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Solar lentigo]]'''<ref name="pmid21175756">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K| title=Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21175756 | doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21175756  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Multiple spots
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Brown
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Smooth
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Around 5mm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Faint [[Pigment|pigmented]] [[fingerprint]] structures
+* Structureless [[pattern]]
+* Light brown pseudonetwork with well-defined [[Borderline|borders]] and a "moth-eaten" edge
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* '''↑''' [[melanin]] deposition in [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
+* '''↑''' linear arrangement of [[melanocytes]] at the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sebaceous hyperplasia]]'''<ref name="pmid24520522">{{cite journal| author=Sato T, Tanaka M| title=Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 93-5 | pmid=24520522 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0401a16 | pmc=3919849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24520522  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Papule]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Skin]]-colored to brownish
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Umbilicated lesions|Umbilicated]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* 2 - 6 mm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Forehead]]
+* [[Nose]]
+* [[Cheeks]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown [[vessels]]"
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Usually in middle-aged or older [[patients]]
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Lichen planus-like keratosis'''<ref name="pmid16148406">{{cite journal| author=Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S| title=Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 2005 | volume= 27 | issue= 5 | pages= 387-92 | pmid=16148406 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16148406  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Papule]]
+* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Gray to brown
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Prominent
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Variable
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Upper trunk]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Shows a coarse or fine, gray to blue, granular [[pigmentation]]
+*[[Diffuse]] brownish gray [[granules]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Hypergranulosis]]
+* [[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
+*[[Superficial]] bandlike  [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]]
+* Melanophages
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Appearance depends on stage of evolution
+|}
+==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
+==External links==
+*[http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic206.htm eMedicine.com article on Keratoacanthoma]
 [[Category:Dermatology]]
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