Endocarditis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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*[[Immunosuppression]]
*[[Immunosuppression]]
*[[Colon cancer]]
*[[Colon cancer]]
*[[Hypercoagulable state]] such as [[pregnancy]] and systemic bacterial infection<ref> Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbacterial_thrombotic_endocarditis Accessed on September 23, 2015</ref>
Common risk factors in the development of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis include:<ref> Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbacterial_thrombotic_endocarditis Accessed on September 23, 2015</ref>
*Malignancy especially mucin-producing [[adenocarcinoma]]s (most commonly associated with pancreatic adenocarcinomas)
*[[Hypercoagulable state]] such as [[pregnancy]] and systemic bacterial infection
*[[Malignancy]] especially mucin-producing [[adenocarcinoma]]s (most commonly associated with pancreatic adenocarcinomas)
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Physical trauma|Trauma]] (e.g., [[catheters]])
*[[Physical trauma|Trauma]] (e.g., [[catheters]])
==Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer | first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. | last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+
! Epidemiological features || Common Microorganism(s)
|-
| <center>'''Injection drug use'''</center>||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*Oxacillin-resistant strains
*Coagulase-negative [[staphylococci]]
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Fungi]]
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including
:*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
|-
| <center>'''Indwelling cardiovascular medical devices'''</center> ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci
*[[Fungi]]
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli
*[[Corynebacterium]] sp
|-
| <center>'''Genitourinary disorders'''</center>
<center>'''Genitourinary infection'''</center>
<center>'''Genitourinary manipulation'''</center>
<center>'''pregnancy'''</center>
<center>'''Delivery'''</center>
<center>'''Abortion'''</center>
||
*Enterococcus sp
*Group B [[streptococci]] (S agalactiae)
*[[Listeria]] monocytogenes
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli
*[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
|-
| <center>'''Chronic skin disorders''' </center>||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]]
|-
| <center>'''Poor dental health, dental procedures''' </center>||
*Viridans group streptococci
*“Nutritionally variant streptococci”
*Abiotrophia defectiva
*Granulicatella sp
*[[Gemella morbillorum|Gemella sp]]
*[[HACEK organism]]s
|-
|  <center>'''Alcoholism, cirrhosis''' </center>||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]]
*[[Listeria]] sp
*[[Aeromonas hydrophila|Aeromonas sp]]
|-
|  <center>'''Burn patients''' </center>||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including
:*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
*[[Fungi]]
|-
|  <center>'''Diabetes mellitus''' </center>||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*[[Streptococcus|β-Hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]]
|-
| <center>'''Early ( < 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center>||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli
*[[Fungi]]
*[[Corynebacterium]] sp
*[[Legionella|Legionella sp]]
|-
|  <center>'''Late ( > 1 y) prosthetic valve placement''' </center>||
*Coagulase-negative staphylococci
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*Viridans group [[streptococci]]
*[[Enterococcus]] species
*[[Fungi]]
*[[Corynebacterium]] sp
|-
| <center>'''Dog–cat exposure''' </center>||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]]
*[[Pasteurella multocida|Pasteurella sp]]
*[[Capnocytophaga|Capnocytophaga sp]]
|-
| <center>'''Contact with contaminated milk'''</center>
<center>'''Contact with infected farm animals'''</center>
||
*[[Brucella|Brucella sp]]
*[[Q fever|Coxiella burnetii]]
*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|Erysipelothrix sp]]
|-
| <center>'''Homeless, body lice'''</center>||
*[[Bartonellosis|Bartonella sp]]
|-
| <center>'''AIDS'''</center> ||
*[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
|-
| <center>'''Pneumonia, meningitis'''</center>||
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S pneumoniae]]
|-
| <center>'''Solid organ transplant'''</center>||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]
*[[Aspergillus|Aspergillus fumigatus]]
*[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]]
*[[Candida albicans|Candida sp]]
|-
| <center>'''Gastrointestinal lesions'''</center>||
*[[Streptococcus bovis|S bovis]]
*[[Enterococcus|Enterococcus sp]]
*[[Clostridium|Clostridium septicum]]
|-
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:17, 5 October 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors for endocarditis include prosthetic heart valves, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, intravenous drug use, age-related degenerative valvular lesions, immunosuppression, and colon cancer.[1]

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of infective endocarditis are:[1]

Common risk factors in the development of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis include:[3]

Epidemiological Clues in Etiological Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Endocarditis[4]

Epidemiological features Common Microorganism(s)
Injection drug use
Indwelling cardiovascular medical devices
Genitourinary disorders
Genitourinary infection
Genitourinary manipulation
pregnancy
Delivery
Abortion
Chronic skin disorders
Poor dental health, dental procedures
  • Viridans group streptococci
  • “Nutritionally variant streptococci”
  • Abiotrophia defectiva
  • Granulicatella sp
  • Gemella sp
  • HACEK organisms
Alcoholism, cirrhosis
Burn patients
  • S. aureus
  • Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including
Diabetes mellitus
Early ( < 1 y) prosthetic valve placement
Late ( > 1 y) prosthetic valve placement
Dog–cat exposure
Contact with contaminated milk
Contact with infected farm animals
Homeless, body lice
AIDS
Pneumonia, meningitis
Solid organ transplant
Gastrointestinal lesions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Infective endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditis#Pathogenesis Accessed on September 22, 2015
  2. ↑ Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB (2001). "Infective endocarditis in adults". N Engl J Med. 345 (18): 1318–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMra010082. PMID 11794152.
  3. ↑ Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbacterial_thrombotic_endocarditis Accessed on September 23, 2015
  4. ↑ Baddour, LM.; Wilson, WR.; Bayer, AS.; Fowler, VG.; Bolger, AF.; Levison, ME.; Ferrieri, P.; Gerber, MA.; Tani, LY. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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