Endocarditis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]
Overview
Common symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chills, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, and back pain.
History and Symptoms
History
A detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- History of any congenital heart disease
- History of valvular heart disease
- Intravenous drug abuse
- Presence of prosthetic heart valves
- Presence of intracardiac devices
- Immunosuppression
- Poor dental health and history of recent dental procedures
Common Symptoms
Subacute bacterial endocarditis has an insidious onset while acute bacterial endocarditis is abrupt in onset.
Bacterial Endocarditis
Common symptoms of endocarditis include:[1][2][3][4]
- Rigors
- Fevers as high as 102.9° to 105.1° F (39.4° to 40.6° C), often remittent
- Chills
- Anorexia
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Back pain
- Flank pain due to renal embolization
- Stroke may be present in 10 - 15% of patients as a result of cerebral embolization
- Chest pain may be present as a result of embolization in the coronary artery. The infarcts are usually not transmural. Pulmonary emboli, often septic, occur in 75% of patients with tricuspid endocarditis.
- Abdominal pain may be present due to mesenteric embolization or ileus
- Blindness may be present due to retinal embolization in 3% of patients
Endocarditis Associated with Parenteral Drug Use
Common symptoms of endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers are:
- High fever
- Chills
- Rigors
- Malaise
- Cough
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Sputum production, hemoptysis
- Stroke, TIA, seizures
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
References
- ↑ Dhawan VK (2002). "Infective endocarditis in elderly patients". Clin Infect Dis. 34 (6): 806–12. doi:10.1086/339045. PMID 11830803.
- ↑ Moss R, Munt B (2003). "Injection drug use and right sided endocarditis". Heart. 89 (5): 577–81. PMC 1767660. PMID 12695478.
- ↑ Silverman ME, Upshaw CB (December 2007). "Extracardiac manifestations of infective endocarditis and their historical descriptions". Am. J. Cardiol. 100 (12): 1802–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.034. PMID 18082531.
- ↑ Servy A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Alla F, Lechiche C, Nazeyrollas P, Chidiac C, Hoen B, Chosidow O, Duval X (May 2014). "Prognostic value of skin manifestations of infective endocarditis". JAMA Dermatol. 150 (5): 494–500. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.8727. PMID 24500311.