Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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* [[Alstrom syndrome]] | * [[Alstrom syndrome]] | ||
{| | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | ||
! rowspan="2" |Disease | ! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Disease | ||
! colspan="5" |History and symptoms | ! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|History and symptoms | ||
! colspan="8" |Laboratory findings | ! colspan="8" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Laboratory findings | ||
! rowspan="2" |Additional findings | ! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Additional findings | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Polyuria]] | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|[[Polyuria]] | ||
![[Polydipsia]] | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|[[Polydipsia]] | ||
![[Polyphagia]] | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|[[Polyphagia]] | ||
![[Weight loss]] | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|[[Weight loss]] | ||
![[Weight gain]] | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|[[Weight gain]] | ||
!Serum glucose | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Serum glucose | ||
!Urinary Glucose | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Urinary Glucose | ||
!Urine PH | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Urine PH | ||
!Serum Sodium | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Serum Sodium | ||
!Urinary Glucose | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Urinary Glucose | ||
!24 hrs cortisol level | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|24 hrs cortisol level | ||
!C-peptide level | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|C-peptide level | ||
!Serum glucagon | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Serum glucagon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''''↑''''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''''↑''''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|N/'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↓''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↓''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Auto antibodies present ([[GAD65|Anti GAD-65]] and anti insulin anti bodies) | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Auto antibodies present ([[GAD65|Anti GAD-65]] and anti insulin anti bodies) | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|[[Acanthosis nigricans]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acanthosis nigricans]] | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[MODY]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[MODY]] | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|N | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[Psychogenic polydipsia]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Psychogenic polydipsia]] | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↓''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↓''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[Diabetes insipidus]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diabetes insipidus]] | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|Transient [[hyperglycemia]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Transient [[hyperglycemia]] | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|N/'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/'''↑''' | ||
|In hospitalized patients especially in [[ICU]] and [[CCU]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |In hospitalized patients especially in [[ICU]] and [[CCU]] | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[Steroid]] therapy | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Steroid]] therapy | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|N/'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/'''↑''' | ||
|N/'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/'''↑''' | ||
|[[Acanthosis nigricans|Acanthosis nigricans,]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acanthosis nigricans|Acanthosis nigricans,]] | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[RTA|RTA 1]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[RTA|RTA 1]] | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Hypokalemia]], [[nephrolithiasis]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hypokalemia]], [[nephrolithiasis]] | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[Glucagonoma]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Glucagonoma]] | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|[[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] | ||
|- | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | ||
|[[Cushing's syndrome|Cushing syndrome]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cushing's syndrome|Cushing syndrome]] | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|✔ | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |✔ | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
| - | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|'''↓''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↓''' | ||
|N/'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/'''↑''' | ||
|'''↑''' | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |'''↑''' | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Moon face]], [[obesity]], [[buffalo hump]], easy [[Bruising|bruisibility]] | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Moon face]], [[obesity]], [[buffalo hump]], easy [[Bruising|bruisibility]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:28, 7 March 2017
Diabetes mellitus type 1 Microchapters |
Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management |
Case Studies |
Diabetes mellitus Main page |
Patient Information |
---|
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Type 1 DM must be differentiated from type 2 DM, MODY-DM, psychogenic polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, transient hyperglycemia, steroid therapy, renal tubular acidosis type-1, glucagonoma, cushing's syndrome, and hypothyroidism.
Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases
Differential diagnosis of type 1 DM, include: [1][2][3]
- Type 2 DM
- MODY-DM
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Diabetes insipidus
- Transient hyperglycemia
- Steroid therapy
- Renal tubular acidosis type-1
- Glucagonoma
- Cushing's syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Wolfram syndrome
- Alstrom syndrome
Disease | History and symptoms | Laboratory findings | Additional findings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Polyuria | Polydipsia | Polyphagia | Weight loss | Weight gain | Serum glucose | Urinary Glucose | Urine PH | Serum Sodium | Urinary Glucose | 24 hrs cortisol level | C-peptide level | Serum glucagon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N/↑ | Normal | ↓ | Normal | Auto antibodies present (Anti GAD-65 and anti insulin anti bodies) | - | Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Acanthosis nigricans | - | MODY | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | - | ✔ | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N | - | - | Psychogenic polydipsia | ✔ | ✔ | - | - | - | Normal | Normal | Normal | ↓ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | - | - | Diabetes insipidus | ✔ | ✔ | - | - | - | Normal | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | - | - | Transient hyperglycemia | - | - | - | - | - | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | N/↑ | In hospitalized patients especially in ICU and CCU | - | Steroid therapy | ✔ | - | - | - | ✔ | ↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | ↑ | ↑ | N/↑ | N/↑ | Acanthosis nigricans, | - | RTA 1 | - | - | - | ✔ | - | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Normal | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | Hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis | - | Glucagonoma | - | - | - | - | - | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Normal | - | Normal | Normal | ↑ | Necrolytic migratory erythema | - | Cushing syndrome | - | - | - | - | ✔ | ↑ | - | Normal | ↓ | N/↑ | ↑ | Normal | Normal | Moon face, obesity, buffalo hump, easy bruisibility |
References
- ↑ Barrett TG (2007). "Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered?". Pediatr Diabetes. 8 Suppl 6: 15–23. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x. PMID 17727381.
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ "namrata".