Diabetes mellitus type 1 natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Diabetes mellitus}} | {{Diabetes mellitus}} | ||
== Natural History == | |||
===Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, and a High Risk for Diabetic Comas=== | |||
Hypoglycemia, low blood glucose (sugar), sometimes called an insulin reaction, can happen even during those times when you're doing all you can to manage your diabetes. So, although many times you can't prevent it from happening, hypoglycemia can be treated before it gets worse. The symptoms of hypoglycemia include: | |||
*Shakiness | |||
*[[Dizziness]] | |||
*[[Sweating]] | |||
*[[Hunger]] | |||
*[[Headache]] | |||
*Pale skin color | |||
*Sudden moodiness or behavior changes, such as crying for no apparent reason | |||
*Clumsy or jerky movements | |||
*[[Seizure]] | |||
*Difficulty paying attention, or [[confusion]] | |||
*Tingling sensations around the mouth | |||
The quickest way to raise your blood glucose and treat hypoglycemia is with some form of sugar, such as 3 glucose tablets (you can buy these at the drug store), 1/2 cup of fruit juice, or 5-6 pieces of hard candy. Ask your health care professional or dietitian to list foods that you can use to treat low blood glucose. Good diabetes control is the best way we know to prevent [[hypoglycemia]]. | |||
[[Hyperglycemia]] is the technical term for high blood glucose (sugar). High blood glucose happens when the body has too little, or not enough, [[insulin]] or when the body can't use insulin properly. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body does not make enough insulin. It could be that you ate more than planned or exercised less than planned. The stress of an illness, such as a cold or [[flu]], could also be the cause. Other stresses, such as family conflicts or school or dating problems, could also cause [[hyperglycemia]]. The signs and symptoms include: high blood glucose, high levels of sugar in the urine, [[frequent urination]], and increased [[thirst]]. It's important to treat hyperglycemia as soon as you detect it. If you fail to treat [[hyperglycemia]], a condition called [[ketoacidosis]] ([[diabetic coma]]) could occur. Ketoacidosis develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin. | |||
Often, you can lower your blood glucose level by exercising. Cutting down on the amount of food you eat might also help. Your best bet to prevent hyperglycemia is to practice good diabetes management. Ketoacidosis is life-threatening and needs immediate treatment. It can occur when a case of hyperglycemia gets out of control. Symptoms include: | |||
*[[Shortness of breath]] | |||
*Breath that smells fruity | |||
*[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | |||
*Very dry mouth | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:03, 12 February 2013
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Natural History
Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, and a High Risk for Diabetic Comas
Hypoglycemia, low blood glucose (sugar), sometimes called an insulin reaction, can happen even during those times when you're doing all you can to manage your diabetes. So, although many times you can't prevent it from happening, hypoglycemia can be treated before it gets worse. The symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
- Shakiness
- Dizziness
- Sweating
- Hunger
- Headache
- Pale skin color
- Sudden moodiness or behavior changes, such as crying for no apparent reason
- Clumsy or jerky movements
- Seizure
- Difficulty paying attention, or confusion
- Tingling sensations around the mouth
The quickest way to raise your blood glucose and treat hypoglycemia is with some form of sugar, such as 3 glucose tablets (you can buy these at the drug store), 1/2 cup of fruit juice, or 5-6 pieces of hard candy. Ask your health care professional or dietitian to list foods that you can use to treat low blood glucose. Good diabetes control is the best way we know to prevent hypoglycemia.
Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (sugar). High blood glucose happens when the body has too little, or not enough, insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body does not make enough insulin. It could be that you ate more than planned or exercised less than planned. The stress of an illness, such as a cold or flu, could also be the cause. Other stresses, such as family conflicts or school or dating problems, could also cause hyperglycemia. The signs and symptoms include: high blood glucose, high levels of sugar in the urine, frequent urination, and increased thirst. It's important to treat hyperglycemia as soon as you detect it. If you fail to treat hyperglycemia, a condition called ketoacidosis (diabetic coma) could occur. Ketoacidosis develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin. Often, you can lower your blood glucose level by exercising. Cutting down on the amount of food you eat might also help. Your best bet to prevent hyperglycemia is to practice good diabetes management. Ketoacidosis is life-threatening and needs immediate treatment. It can occur when a case of hyperglycemia gets out of control. Symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Breath that smells fruity
- Nausea and vomiting
- Very dry mouth