Diabetes mellitus type 1 historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Diabetes mellitus is an ancient term first found in Egyptian Eberes papyrus around 1500 BC.
In 1866, Harley reported two distinct forms of disease requiring diametrically opposing form of treatment.
In 1921-22, Canadian physician Fredrick Banting and medical student Charles H. Best were credited with discovering the hormone insulin in the pancreatic extracts of dogs.
In 1930's, Harold Himsworth demonstrated the effect of insulin injection in patients who swallowed a simultaneous does of glucose.
In 1951, John Lister concluded that there were 'two broad groups of diabetics 1) the young, thin, non-arteriosclerotic group with normal blood pressureand usually an acute onset to the disease 2) the older, obese, arteriosclerotic group with hypertension and usually an insidious onset.
In 1970's, Type 1 diabetes was described as an autoimmune disease in the 1970s, based on observations that autoantibodies against islets were discovered in diabetics with other autoimmune deficiencies.
In 1980's, Immunosuppressive therapies could slow disease progression, further supporting the idea that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder.
In 1996, World Health Organization (WHO) opted for a classification based upon aetiology, and type 1 and type 2 diabetes became the accepted terms.