Cyanosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.

OR

  • Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for:[finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Appearance of the Patient

Vital Signs

Skin

  • Skin usually appears blue in patients with cyanosis.
    • It is very difficult to find in dark-skinned individuals and in poor lighting conditions.
  • Sites to look for central cyanosis: Tongue, inner aspect of lips, gums, soft palate, buccal mucosa, lower palpebral conjunctiva and sites of peripheral cyanosis.
  • Sites to look for peripheral cyanosis: Nose tip, ear lobules, outer aspect of lips, fingertips, nail bed, extremities.

Heart

S2 Murmur
TOF single systolic
Tricuspid atresia single with or with out systolic
Ebstein's anomaly split systolic
TGA single none
Truncus arteriosus single systolic murmur/ with or with out diastolic murmur
Pulmonary stenosis single systolic
Pulmonary atresia single systolic
TAPVC split systolic
HLHS single with or with out systolic
Tricuspid atresia single with or with out systolic
  • Measure blood pressure in both upper and lower extremities

Lungs


Extremities

References


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