Cardiac amyloidosis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4]; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [5]

Overview

The presence or absence of cardiac involvement with amyloid is the most important prognostic factor.[1]

Natural History

If untreated cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is associate with high complication rate and eventually death. Cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis is associated with a higher mortality rate compared with that in senile and familial forms of amyloidosis. Also, heart failure in AL type CA is difficult to treat adequately compared with that associated with TTR type.

Complications

The following are the complications of CA:

Prognosis

Cardiac amyloidosis is a chronic and progressive condition. A cardiologist may estimate the prognosis according to the thickness of the left ventricle and to the degree of restriction in the heart (diastolic dysfunction).

References

  1. Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A (1999). "Amyloidosis: recognition, confirmation, prognosis, and therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Mayo Clinic. 74 (5): 490–4. doi:10.4065/74.5.490. PMID 10319082. Retrieved 2012-02-13. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Reisinger J, Dubrey SW, Lavalley M, Skinner M, Falk RH (1997). "Electrophysiologic abnormalities in AL (primary) amyloidosis with cardiac involvement". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 30 (4): 1046–51. PMID 9316537. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Navarro JF, Rivera M, Ortuño J (1992). "Cardiac tamponade as presentation of systemic amyloidosis". International Journal of Cardiology. 36 (1): 107–8. PMID 1428240. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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