COVID-19 Variants of Concern: Difference between revisions

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As in all [[viruses]], [[COVID-19]] virus continuously undergo spontaneous [[Mutation|mutations]] followed by emergence of new variants of [[COVID-19]]. Some of these variants appear then disappear; however, others persist causing global [[pandemic]]. The best way to fight against the appearance of new variants is commitment to the protective measures.
As in all [[viruses]], [[COVID-19]] virus continuously undergo spontaneous [[Mutation|mutations]] followed by emergence of new variants of [[COVID-19]]. Some of these variants appear then disappear; however, others persist causing global [[pandemic]]. The best way to fight against the appearance of new variants is commitment to the protective measures.


The '''''"variants of concern"''''' refer to those [[COVID-19]] variants with clear evidence of an increased rate of transmission, severe illness and death, marked decrease in neutralization by antibodies produced as a result of previous infection or vaccination, decreased effectiveness of [[Vaccine|vaccines]] or treatments, or failure of diagnostic detection. The [[genomic]] and [[Epidemiology|epidemiological]] as well as other properties of these variants are summarized in the table below.
The '''''"variants of concern"''''' refer to those [[COVID-19]] variants with clear evidence of an increased rate of transmission, severe illness and death, marked decrease in neutralization by antibodies produced as a result of previous infection or vaccination, decreased effectiveness of [[Vaccine|vaccines]] or treatments, or failure of diagnostic detection.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!WHO Label
!Name
!Countries of Earlier Detection
!Time of First Detection
!Spike Protein Substitutions
!BEI Reference Isolate
!Properties
!Rate of Spread
!Severe Illness and Mortality
!Vaccine
!Treatments
|-
|Alpha B.1.1.7
|20I/501Y.V1
|United Kingdom
|September 2020
|69del, 70del, 144del, (E484K*), (S494P*), N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H (K1191N*)
|NR-54000external icon
|
*Approximately 50% increased transmissibility
*Increased severity according to hospitalizations and case fatality rates
*Little effect on neutralization by convalescent and post-vaccination sera
|High
|Occur
|
*Effective
*Rarely, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals may occur
|Effective
|-
|Beta B.1.357
|20H/501.V2
|South Africa
|September 2020
|D80A, D215G, 241del, 242del, 243del, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V
|NR-55282
|
*Approximately 50% increased transmissibility
*A marked decrease in the susceptibility to the combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab monoclonal antibody treatment; however, other EUA monoclonal antibody treatments are available
*Decreased neutralization by convalescent and post-vaccination sera
|High
|Not common
|
*Effective
*Rarely, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals may occur
|Less effective
|-
|Gamma P.1
|20J/501Y.V3
|Brazil and Japan
|December 2020
|L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I
|NR-54982
|
*A marked decrease in the susceptibility to the combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab monoclonal antibody treatment; however, other EUA monoclonal antibody treatments are available
*Decreased  neutralization by convalescent and post-vaccination sera
|High
|Not common
|
*Effective
*Rarely, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals may occur
|Less effective
|-
|Delta  B.1.617.2
|21A/S:478K
|India
|December 2020
|T19R, (V70F*), T95I, G142D, E156-, F157-, R158G, (A222V*), (W258L*), (K417N*), L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N
|
|
*Increased transmissibility
*Decreased neutralization by some EUA monoclonal antibody treatments 
*Significant decrease in neutralization by post-vaccination sera
|Characterized by the highest rate of spread among these variants
|Characterized by higher rates of hospitalizations, severe illness, and death than other variants
|
*Effective
*Rarely, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals may occur
|Less effective
|}
'''BEI Resources:''' refer to the "Biodefense and Emerging Infections Research Resources" that  is a NIAID-funded repository to provide reagents, tools, and information to the research community.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:44, 16 December 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Riad, M.D.[2]

Overview

As a result of mutations occurring in COVID-19 virus, new variants of COVID-19 emerge and most of them are being tracked in the United States. The "variants of concern" refer to those COVID-19 variants with clear evidence of an increased rate of transmission, severe illness and death, marked decrease in neutralization by antibodies produced as a result of previous infection or vaccination, decreased effectiveness of vaccines or treatments, or failure of diagnostic detection.

Variants of Concern

As in all viruses, COVID-19 virus continuously undergo spontaneous mutations followed by emergence of new variants of COVID-19. Some of these variants appear then disappear; however, others persist causing global pandemic. The best way to fight against the appearance of new variants is commitment to the protective measures.

The "variants of concern" refer to those COVID-19 variants with clear evidence of an increased rate of transmission, severe illness and death, marked decrease in neutralization by antibodies produced as a result of previous infection or vaccination, decreased effectiveness of vaccines or treatments, or failure of diagnostic detection.

References