COVID-19 Neurologic Complications

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Rinky Agnes Botleroo, M.B.B.S., Wajeeha Aiman, M.D.[2]

Overview

Pathophysiology of the Complications in the Nervous System

Mechanism of targetting the Nervous System

Complications in the Central Nervous System

Headache

  • Pathophysiology
    • The exact pathogenesis of headache in COVID 19 patients is not fully understood.
    • It is thought that headache is the result of:[1][2][3]
      • Cytokine release
      • Direct invasion
      • Metabolic disturbances
      • Inflammation
      • Dehydration
      • Hypoxia
By Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Migraine.jpg
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Acute Encephalitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Viral Meningitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Epileptic Seizures

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Encephalopathy

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Complications in the Peripheral Nervous system

Guillain-Barre syndrome

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Anosmia

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Acute Myelitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Miller Fischer Sydrome

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Polyneuritis Cranialis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Complications due to medication interaction

1. Statin induced myotoxicity

  • Myalgia, myopathies, rhabdomyolysis

2. 2nd and 3rd degree atrioventricular block

  • Lopinavir/ Ritonavir (Kaltera) (400 mg/100 mg)

3. Prolong QTc interval

  • Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine

4. Myelotoxicity

  • Ribavirin

5. Prolonged PR interval

  • Atazanavir

6. Myelosuppression

7.

References

  1. St-Jean JR, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Vabret A, Freymuth F, Talbot PJ (August 2004). "Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion". J. Virol. 78 (16): 8824–34. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8824-8834.2004. PMC 479063. PMID 15280490.
  2. Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun; Yu, Ting; Xia, Jiaan; Wei, Yuan; Wu, Wenjuan; Xie, Xuelei; Yin, Wen; Li, Hui; Liu, Min; Xiao, Yan; Gao, Hong; Guo, Li; Xie, Jungang; Wang, Guangfa; Jiang, Rongmeng; Gao, Zhancheng; Jin, Qi; Wang, Jianwei; Cao, Bin (2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". The Lancet. 395 (10223): 497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. ISSN 0140-6736.
  3. Rossi, Andrea (2008). "Imaging of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 18 (1): 149–161. doi:10.1016/j.nic.2007.12.007. ISSN 1052-5149.