COVID-19 Neurologic Complications: Difference between revisions

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*'''Pathophysiology'''
*'''Pathophysiology'''
**The exact pathogenesis of headache in COVID 19 patients is not fully understood.
**The exact pathogenesis of headache in COVID 19 patients is not fully understood.
**It is thought that headache is the result of:<ref name="pmid15280490">{{cite journal |vauthors=St-Jean JR, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Vabret A, Freymuth F, Talbot PJ |title=Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion |journal=J. Virol. |volume=78 |issue=16 |pages=8824–34 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15280490 |pmc=479063 |doi=10.1128/JVI.78.16.8824-8834.2004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="HuangWang2020">{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|last10=Gu|first10=Xiaoying|last11=Cheng|first11=Zhenshun|last12=Yu|first12=Ting|last13=Xia|first13=Jiaan|last14=Wei|first14=Yuan|last15=Wu|first15=Wenjuan|last16=Xie|first16=Xuelei|last17=Yin|first17=Wen|last18=Li|first18=Hui|last19=Liu|first19=Min|last20=Xiao|first20=Yan|last21=Gao|first21=Hong|last22=Guo|first22=Li|last23=Xie|first23=Jungang|last24=Wang|first24=Guangfa|last25=Jiang|first25=Rongmeng|last26=Gao|first26=Zhancheng|last27=Jin|first27=Qi|last28=Wang|first28=Jianwei|last29=Cao|first29=Bin|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|journal=The Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|year=2020|pages=497–506|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5}}</ref><ref name="Rossi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Rossi|first1=Andrea|title=Imaging of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis|journal=Neuroimaging Clinics of North America|volume=18|issue=1|year=2008|pages=149–161|issn=10525149|doi=10.1016/j.nic.2007.12.007}}</ref>
**It is thought that headache is the result of:
***Cytokine release
***Cytokine release <ref name="BaigKhaleeq2020">{{cite journal|last1=Baig|first1=Abdul Mannan|last2=Khaleeq|first2=Areeba|last3=Ali|first3=Usman|last4=Syeda|first4=Hira|title=Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host–Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms|journal=ACS Chemical Neuroscience|volume=11|issue=7|year=2020|pages=995–998|issn=1948-7193|doi=10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122}}</ref>
****There is higher concentration on IL-6 and INF-gamma in patients infected with SARS/ CoV2.
****Cytokines can disrupt blood brain barrier and cause tissue injury and cerebral edema.
****
****
***Direct invasion
***Direct invasion
***Metabolic disturbances
***Metabolic disturbances
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<br />
<br />
==References==
==References==
<references />

Revision as of 21:06, 24 June 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Rinky Agnes Botleroo, M.B.B.S., Wajeeha Aiman, M.D.[2]

Overview

Pathophysiology of the Complications in the Nervous System

Mechanism of targetting the Nervous System

Complications in the Central Nervous System

Headache

  • Pathophysiology
    • The exact pathogenesis of headache in COVID 19 patients is not fully understood.
    • It is thought that headache is the result of:
      • Cytokine release [1]
        • There is higher concentration on IL-6 and INF-gamma in patients infected with SARS/ CoV2.
        • Cytokines can disrupt blood brain barrier and cause tissue injury and cerebral edema.
      • Direct invasion
      • Metabolic disturbances
      • Inflammation
      • Dehydration
      • Hypoxia
By Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Migraine.jpg
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Acute Encephalitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Viral Meningitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Epileptic Seizures

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Encephalopathy

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Complications in the Peripheral Nervous system

Guillain-Barre syndrome

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Anosmia

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Acute Myelitis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Miller Fischer Sydrome

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Polyneuritis Cranialis

  • Pathophysiology
  • Natural history
  • Sign and symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

Complications due to medication interaction

1. Statin induced myotoxicity

  • Myalgia, myopathies, rhabdomyolysis

2. 2nd and 3rd degree atrioventricular block

  • Lopinavir/ Ritonavir (Kaltera) (400 mg/100 mg)

3. Prolong QTc interval

  • Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine

4. Myelotoxicity

  • Ribavirin

5. Prolonged PR interval

  • Atazanavir

6. Myelosuppression

7.

References

  1. Baig, Abdul Mannan; Khaleeq, Areeba; Ali, Usman; Syeda, Hira (2020). "Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host–Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 11 (7): 995–998. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122. ISSN 1948-7193.