Aplastic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 18:48, 20 August 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of aplastic anemia include hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV. Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride. Other causes include radiation, chemotherapy, toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene, and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are Lupus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, .pregnancy, Thymoma , and collagen vascular disease.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source]

There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.

Common Causes

Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:^[1]

Idiopathic
Infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride.
Radiation
chemotherapy
Toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Metastasis

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:^[1]

Genetic Causes

Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:^[2]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Thymoma
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Fulminent hepatitis
Genetic	Fanconi anemia Shwachman-Diamond syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Severe vit B12 and Folate deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Acute lymphocytic leukemia, MDS
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Anorexia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.
↑ Shallis, Rory M; Ahmad, Rami; Zeidan, Amer M (2018). "Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts". European Journal of Haematology. doi:10.1111/ejh.13153. ISSN 0902-4441.

[Young2002-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.

[ShallisAhmad2018-2] Shallis, Rory M; Ahmad, Rami; Zeidan, Amer M (2018). "Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts". European Journal of Haematology. doi:10.1111/ejh.13153. ISSN 0902-4441.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Aplastic anemia}}
-'''Editor-In-Chief:''' Aric Hall, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA [mailto:achall@bidmc.harvard.edu]
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
 ==Overview==
-More than half of the cases of [[aplastic anemia]] are idiopathic. Chemicals, drugs, viral infections, [[collagen vascular disease]]s, and [[thymoma]] can be implicated as the causative factor in the other cases. Many drugs are associated with aplasia mainly in the base of case reports but at a very low probability, As an example, chloramphenicol treatment is followed by aplasia in less than 1 in 40,000 treatment courses,and carbamazepine aplasia is even more rare.
+Common causes of aplastic anemia include [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]]. Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]. [[Radiation|Other causes include radiation]], [[chemotherapy]], toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]], and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]], r[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]], .pregnancy, [[Thymoma]][[Collagen vascular disease|, and collagen vascular disease]].
 ==Causes==
+=== Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source] ===
+* There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.
+=== Common Causes ===
+Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:<ref name="Young2002">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Neal S.|title=Acquired Aplastic Anemia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=136|issue=7|year=2002|pages=534|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011}}</ref>
 * Idiopathic
-* [[Autoimmune disorder]]
+* Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
-* [[viral hepatitis]]
+* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
-* Exposure to substances such as
+* [[Radiation]]
-** [[benzene]]
+* [[chemotherapy]]
-** [[radiation]]
+* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
-** [[chloramphenicol]]
+* Metastasis
-** [[carbamazepine]]
+=== Less Common Causes ===
-** [[phenytoin]]
+Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:<ref name="Young2002" />
-** [[quinine]]
+* [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]]
-** [[phenylbutazone]]
+* R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]].
+* Pregnancy
+* [[Thymoma]]
+* [[Collagen vascular disease]]
+=== Genetic Causes ===
+Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:<ref name="ShallisAhmad2018">{{cite journal|last1=Shallis|first1=Rory M|last2=Ahmad|first2=Rami|last3=Zeidan|first3=Amer M|title=Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts|journal=European Journal of Haematology|year=2018|issn=09024441|doi=10.1111/ejh.13153}}</ref>
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
+|-
+| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Thymoma]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Fulminent hepatitis
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Fanconi anemia]]
+[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Severe [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|vit B12]] and [[Folic Acid|Folate]] deficiency
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Myelodysplastic syndrome|MDS]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[SLE]], R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]]
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | Anorexia
+|-
+|}
+=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
+* [[Autoimmune diseases]]
+* [[Albendazole]]
+* [[Arsenic]]
+* [[Benzene]]
+* [[Ceftazidime]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Cefaclor]]
+* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
+* [[Chlorpropamide]]
+* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
+* [[Dactinomycin]]
+* [[Dapsone]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
+* [[Eltrombopag]]
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* [[Felbamate]]
+* [[Flurbiprofen]]
+* [[Flucytosine]]
+* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
+* [[Isoniazid]]
+* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
+* [[Meprobamate]]
+* [[Nilutamide]]
+* [[Oxaprozin]]
+* [[Penicillamine]]
+* [[Probenecid]]
+* [[pesticides]]
+* [[Tolbutamide]]
+* [[Tolazamide]]
+* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
+* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
+* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)|Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim]]
+* [[Sulfasalazine]]
+* [[Sulfacetamide]]
+* [[Thymoma]]
 ==References==