Sjögren's syndrome physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.

OR

  • Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for:[finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with Sjögren's syndrome usually appear normal.

Vital Signs

  • Vital sign might be normal.

Skin

  • Dryness of the skin
  • Scaling
  • Partial or complete loss of sweating
  • Dry, sparse, and brittle hair may be present
  • Diffuse alopecia may involve the scalp, limbs, axillae, or pubis
  • Nail folds may show capillaroscopic abnormalities
  • Nonpalpable or palpable, vasculitic purpura, with lesions that are typically 2-3 mm in diameter and located on the lower extremities may be present
  • Annular erythema with scales, localized especially on the face and neck

HEENT

  • Mucous dryness
  • Red, smooth, and dry tongue
  • Dental caries
  • Parotid duct narrowing
  • Red, dry, and scaly lips
  • Cracks at the corners of the mouth
  • Chronic oral candidiasis
  • Atrophic changes in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract

Neck

  • Bilateral parotid gland enlargement

Lungs

  • Bibasilar rales nt
  • Wheezing may be present

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with Sjögren's syndrome is usually normal.

Abdomen

  • Splenomegaly

Back

  • Back examination of patients with Sjögren's syndrome is usually normal.

Genitourinary

  • Irritated bladder
  • Suprapubic pain
  • Atrophic changes in the vulva and vagin
  • Dryness of the anal and rectal mucous membranes

Neuromuscular

  • Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
  • Glasgow coma scale is 15/15
  • Paraparesis maybe present
  • Paraplegia may be present

Extremities

  • Symmetrical, polyarticular, inflammatory arthritis

References

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