Kidney stone ultrasonography: Difference between revisions

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{{Kidney stone}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Imaging is used to confirm the diagnosis and a number of other tests can be undertaken to help establish both the possible cause and consequences of the stone.
 
==Ultrasonography==
Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of nephrolithiasis include: echogenic or hyperechogenic foci, acoustic shadowing, twinkle artefact on colour Doppler, colour comet-tail artefact , and increased resistive index which signifies acute obstruction.
*Ultrasound imaging is useful as it will give details about the presence of [[hydronephrosis]] (swelling of the kidney - suggesting the stone is blocking the outflow of urine). It can also be used to show the kidneys during pregnancy when standard x-rays are discouraged.  
 
*About 10% of stones do not have enough calcium to be seen on standard x-rays (radiolucent stones) and may show up on ultrasound although they typically are seen on [[Computed tomography|CT scans]].
==Echocardiography/Ultrasound==
[[File:Pelvic-kidney.jpg|thumb|250px|center|Stone in the renal pelvis(marked by asterix);Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel,Source: radiopedia .org<ref>Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel,"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/10079">rID: 10079</ref>]]
 
*Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of nephrolithiasis include:<ref name="pmid25994497">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolau C, Claudon M, Derchi LE, Adam EJ, Nielsen MB, Mostbeck G, Owens CM, Nyhsen C, Yarmenitis S |title=Imaging patients with renal colic-consider ultrasound first |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=441–7 |date=August 2015 |pmid=25994497 |pmc=4519809 |doi=10.1007/s13244-015-0396-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27578040">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brisbane W, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD |title=An overview of kidney stone imaging techniques |journal=Nat Rev Urol |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=654–662 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27578040 |pmc=5443345 |doi=10.1038/nrurol.2016.154 |url=}}</ref>
**Echogenic or hyperechogenic foci
**Acoustic shadowing
**Twinkle artefact on colour Doppler
**Colour comet-tail artefact
**Increased resistive index which signifies acute obstruction
 
*Abdominal ultrasound can help in avoiding the effects of radiation at first in about 70% cases.<ref name="pmid25994497" />
*It can be used to watch for complications such as [[hydronephrosis]].
*Abdominal ultrasound can be used to look for stones in adjacent areas such as ureters where it can be 100% specific.<ref name="pmid11110945">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheafor DH, Hertzberg BS, Freed KS, Carroll BA, Keogan MT, Paulson EK, DeLong DM, Nelson RC |title=Nonenhanced helical CT and US in the emergency evaluation of patients with renal colic: prospective comparison |journal=Radiology |volume=217 |issue=3 |pages=792–7 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11110945 |doi=10.1148/radiology.217.3.r00dc41792 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]


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Latest revision as of 19:15, 12 June 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of nephrolithiasis include: echogenic or hyperechogenic foci, acoustic shadowing, twinkle artefact on colour Doppler, colour comet-tail artefact , and increased resistive index which signifies acute obstruction.

Echocardiography/Ultrasound

Stone in the renal pelvis(marked by asterix);Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel,Source: radiopedia .org[1]
  • Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of nephrolithiasis include:[2][3]
    • Echogenic or hyperechogenic foci
    • Acoustic shadowing
    • Twinkle artefact on colour Doppler
    • Colour comet-tail artefact
    • Increased resistive index which signifies acute obstruction
  • Abdominal ultrasound can help in avoiding the effects of radiation at first in about 70% cases.[2]
  • It can be used to watch for complications such as hydronephrosis.
  • Abdominal ultrasound can be used to look for stones in adjacent areas such as ureters where it can be 100% specific.[4]

References

  1. Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel,"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/10079">rID: 10079
  2. 2.0 2.1 Nicolau C, Claudon M, Derchi LE, Adam EJ, Nielsen MB, Mostbeck G, Owens CM, Nyhsen C, Yarmenitis S (August 2015). "Imaging patients with renal colic-consider ultrasound first". Insights Imaging. 6 (4): 441–7. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0396-y. PMC 4519809. PMID 25994497.
  3. Brisbane W, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD (November 2016). "An overview of kidney stone imaging techniques". Nat Rev Urol. 13 (11): 654–662. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2016.154. PMC 5443345. PMID 27578040.
  4. Sheafor DH, Hertzberg BS, Freed KS, Carroll BA, Keogan MT, Paulson EK, DeLong DM, Nelson RC (December 2000). "Nonenhanced helical CT and US in the emergency evaluation of patients with renal colic: prospective comparison". Radiology. 217 (3): 792–7. doi:10.1148/radiology.217.3.r00dc41792. PMID 11110945.

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