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| | <div style="width: 70%;"> |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| | <small><small> |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | colspan="5" |'''Skin examination''' | | !Disease |
| ! colspan="2" |Diagnosis | | !Presentation |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | | !Risk Factors |
| | !Diagnosis |
| | !Affected Organ Systems |
| | !Important features |
| | !Picture |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Type
| | ! colspan="3" |Diseases predominantly affecting the oral cavity |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Color | | ! |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Texture
| | ! |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Size | | ! |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Distribution | | ! |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dermoscopic Findings | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology | |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid10848931">{{cite journal| author=Petter G, Haustein UF| title=Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. | journal=Dermatol Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 521-30 | pmid=10848931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848931 }}</ref>
| | |[[Oral candidiasis|Oral Candidiasis]] |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of skin|'''SCC in situ (Bowen's disease''')]]
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | * [[Dysphagia]] or [[odynophagia]] |
| * Patch
| | * White patches on the mouth and tongue |
| * [[Plaque]] | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Newborn]] babies |
| * [[Erythematous]]
| |
| * Skin colored | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Scaly | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Variable
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
| |
|
| |
|
| * In black individuals: [[Leg|legs]], [[anus]], and areas of [[chronic inflammation]] | | *Denture users |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Presence of dotted and/or glomerular [[vessels]]
| |
| * White to yellowish surface scales
| |
| * Red-yellowish background
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
| |
| * No infiltration into [[dermis]]
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]] | | *Poorly controlled [[diabetes]] |
| * Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]] | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *As a side effect of medication, most commonly having taken [[antibiotic]]s. Inhaled [[corticosteroids]] for the treatment of lung conditions (e.g, [[asthma]] or [[COPD]]) may also result in oral candidiasis which may be reduced by regularly rinsing the mouth with water after taking the medication. |
| * Slow growth over the years
| | |
| |-
| | *People with poor [[nutrition]], specifically [[vitamin A]], [[Iron deficiency anemia|iron]] and [[Folate deficiency|folate deficiencies]]. |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Invasive squamous cell carcinoma'''
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Papules|Papule]]
| |
| * [[Plaques|Plaque]]
| |
| * [[Nodule]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Skin colored
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Induration|Indurated]] + [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]] (well [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]]) | |
| * Soft + [[ulceration]] (poorly [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * 0.5 to 1.5 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
| |
|
| |
|
| * In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation | | *People with an [[immune deficiency]] (e.g. as a result of [[AIDS]]/[[HIV]] or [[chemotherapy]] treatment). |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * White circles
| |
| * White structureless areas
| |
| * Masses of [[keratin]]
| |
| * Hairpin and linear-irregular [[vessels]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
| |
| * No infiltration into [[dermis]]
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]] | | *Women undergoing hormonal changes, like [[pregnancy]] or those on [[birth control pills]]. |
| * Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * May be painful or [[Itch|pruritic]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Keratoacanthoma]]'''<ref name="pmid26853179">{{cite journal| author=Kwiek B, Schwartz RA| title=Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 1220-33 | pmid=26853179 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26853179 }}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Macule
| |
| * Papule
| |
| * May have telangiectasias
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Skin-colored
| |
| * Mildly erythematous
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Prominent keratinous core in the center of the nodule
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * 1 to 2.5 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Sun-exposed areas
| |
| * Face, neck, hands, and arms
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * White circles
| |
| * Keratin
| |
| * Blood spots
| |
| * White structureless zones
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Well-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]] [[squamous epithelium]]
| |
| * Central [[keratin]] core
| |
| * Epidermal hyperplasia + large [[eosinophilic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
| |
|
| |
|
| * Dermal inflammatory infiltrate | | *[[Organ transplantation]] patients |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Rapid growth (within weeks) | | * Clinical diagnosis |
| |-
| | * Confirmatory tests rarely needed |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19638070">{{cite journal| author=Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE| title=Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-7 | pmid=19638070 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19638070 }}</ref> | | |'''Localized candidiasis''' |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * [[Oral candidiasis|Oral]] and [[Esophageal candidiasis|esophageal candidasis]] |
| * Intracutaneous [[nodule]] | | * [[Candida vulvovaginitis]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * [[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]] |
| * Shiny | |
| * Flesh-colored or bluish-red
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Firm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * < 1 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Sun-exposed areas
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Head]] and [[neck]]
| | '''Invasive candidasis''' |
| * [[Upper limbs]] and [[shoulder]] | | * [[Candidiasis|Candidaemia]] |
| * [[Lower limbs]] and [[hip]] | | * [[Endocarditis|Candida endocarditis]] |
| * [[Trunk]] | | * [[Osteoarthritis|Candida osteoarticular disease]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Milky red areas | | * [[Osteoarthritis|Oral candidiaisis is]] a benign self limiting disease unless accompanied by [[immunosuppression]]. |
| * Linear
| | |[[File:Human tongue infected with oral candidiasis--By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=11717223.jpg|thumb|Tongue infected with oral candidiasis - By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=11717223.jpg|400x400px]] |
| * Irregular vessels
| |
| * Polymorphous [[vessels]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Uniform [[cells]] with large [[basophilic]] [[nuclei]]
| |
| * Single-cell [[necrosis]]
| |
| * Frequent [[mitoses]]
| |
| * Lymphovascular invasion
| |
| * Perineural invasion
| |
| * [[Epidermal]] involvement via [[pagetoid]] spread
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Older individuals with light skin tones
| |
| * Rapidly growing
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="3" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Basal cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid22759209">{{cite journal| author=Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ| title=High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases. | journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | year= 2013 | volume= 27 | issue= 8 | pages= 985-9 | pmid=22759209 | doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22759209 }}</ref> | | |[[Herpes simplex|Herpes simplex oral lesions]] |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular basal cell carcinoma]]'''
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | * [[Fever]] |
| * [[Papule]] | | * [[Sore throat]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Painful [[ulcer]]s |
| * Flesh-colored | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Stress |
| * Small bump | | * Recent [[URTI]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Female sex |
| * Variable | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | * Physical examination |
| * [[Face]] | | * [[Viral culture]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | * [[Tzanck smear]] |
| * Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing [[vessels]] | | | |
| * Loosely arranged blue-gray dots | | * Orofacial Infection |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * [[Herpes simplex anogenital infection|Anogenital Infection]] |
| * Nest-like infiltration with basaloid [[cells]] | | * [[Herpes simplex ocular infection|Ocular Infection]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | * [[Herpes simplex encephalitis|Herpes Encephalitis]] |
| * May have a "rolled" border
| | * [[Herpes simplex neonatorum|Neonatal Herpes]] |
| | * [[Herpetic whitlow|Herpetic Whitlow]] |
| | * [[Herpes gladiatorum|Herpes Gladiatorum]] |
| | | |
| | * The symptoms of primary [[HSV]] infection generally resolve within two weeks |
| | |[[File:Herpesinfection - By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=19051042.jpg|thumb|Oral herpes simplex infection - By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=19051042.jpg|400x400px]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Superficial basal cell carcinoma ''' | | |[[Aphthous ulcer|Aphthous ulcers]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Patch
| | * Painful, red spot or bump that develops into an open [[ulcer]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Erythematous]] | | * Being a female |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Between the ages of 10-40 |
| * Scaly | | * Family history of [[Aphthous ulcer|aphthous ulcers]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * 1 to > 10 cm | | * Physical examination |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Diagnosis of exclusion |
| * Sun-exposed areas
| | | |
| * [[Head]] (cheek and nose) | | * Oral cavity |
| * [[Trunk]]
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Self-limiting , [[Pain]] decreases in 7 to 10 days, with complete healing in 1 to 3 weeks |
| * Superficial fine [[Telangiectasias|telangiectasia]] | | |[[File:Afta foto - By Ebarruda - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=7903358.jpg|thumb|Apthous ulcer on the under surface of the tongue|By Ebarruda - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, httpscommons.wikimedia.orgwindex.phpcurid=7903358|400x400px]] |
| * Shiny white to red, translucent or opaque structureless areas | |
| * Multiple small erosions | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Large, hyperchromatic, oval [[nuclei]] | |
| * Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
| |
| * Small basaloid nodules
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Higher [[incidence]] in men
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)'''<ref name="pmid8959949">{{cite journal| author=Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA| title=Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 6 | pages= 907-10 | pmid=8959949 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8959949 }}</ref> | | |[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Papule | | *Non healing [[ulcer]], [[nodule]], indurated plaque or mass |
| | | *May involve [[skin]], [[lips]], inside the [[mouth]], [[throat]] or [[esophagus]] |
| * Plaque | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * Chronic sun or [[Ultraviolet|UV exposure]] |
| * Flesh-colored | | * Fair [[skin]] |
| * [[Erythematous|Slightly erythematous]] | | * [[Elderly]] age (>45 yrs) |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | * [[Male sex]] |
| * Firm | | * [[Smoking]] |
| * [[Induration|Indurated]] | | | |
| * Indistinct borders
| | *[[Physical exam]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Biopsy]] |
| * Variable | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Oral Cavity]] |
| * Sun-exposed areas | | **Floor of [[mouth]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | **Lateral [[tongue]] |
| * Whitish backround | | *[[Throat]] |
| * Few fine arborizing [[vessels]] | | *[[Esophagus]] |
| * Multiple brown dots | | | |
| * [[Ulceration]] | | *[[Malignant]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Can spread to [[TMJ]] |
| * Thin columns + small nodules | | *Some times associated with [[leukoplakia]] |
| * Highly [[Collagen|collagenized]] stroma | | |[[File:PLoS oral cancer.png|thumb|400x400px|Squamous cell carcinoma - By Luca Pastore, Maria Luisa Fiorella, Raffaele Fiorella, Lorenzo Lo Muzio - http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/showImageLarge.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0050212.g001, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15252632]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Expression of [[Alpha-actin|smooth muscle protein alpha-actin]] in tumor [[stroma]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prurigo nodules'''<ref name="pmid25808786">{{cite journal| author=Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G| title=Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | pages= 632-4 | pmid=25808786 | doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12844 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25808786 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20002240">{{cite journal| author=Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S| title=Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 5 | pages= 578-86 | pmid=20002240 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20002240 }}</ref> | | |[[Leukoplakia]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Dome-shaped [[nodule]]
| | *White leathery spots on the [[mucous membranes]] of the [[tongue]] and inside of the [[mouth]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Lateral borders of [[tongue]] |
| * Flesh-colored
| | | |
| * [[Erythematous]]
| | *Atypical [[Tobacco]] use |
| * Brown/black
| | *Chronic [[irritation]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Immunodeficiency]] |
| * Firm
| | *[[Bloodroot]] ([[Sanguinarine|sanguinaria]]) |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Few millimeters to several centimeters
| | *[[Physical exam]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Diagnosis of exclusion |
| * Extensor surfaces of the arms and legs and on the trunk
| | *[[Biopsy]] |
| | | | |
| * Upper back, abdomen, and sacrum
| | *[[Vulva|Vulvar]] lesions occur independent of oral lesions |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * White "starburst pattern" surrounding red/brown/yellow crusts
| | *Associated with [[HIV]] |
| * Erosions
| | *Persistant white spots |
| * Hyperkeratosis
| | *[[Benign]] but can progress to [[carcinoma]] after almost 10 years |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Oral proliferative [[Leukoplakia|verrucous leukoplakia]] is an aggressive sub type with multiple lesions and higher conversion to [[warts]] or [[carcinoma]]<ref>{{Cite journal |
| * Thick and compact orthohyperkeratosis
| | | author = [[Ann M. Gillenwater]], [[Nadarajah Vigneswaran]], [[Hanadi Fatani]], [[Pierre Saintigny]] & [[Adel K. El-Naggar]] |
| * Irregular epidermal hyperplasia
| | | title = Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL): a review of an elusive pathologic entity! |
| * Focal parakeratosis with irregular acanthosis
| | | journal = [[Advances in anatomic pathology]] |
| * Nonspecific dermal infiltrate containing WBCs
| | | volume = 20 |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | issue = 6 |
| * Nodules range in number from few to hundreds
| | | pages = 416–423 |
| * Worsened by heat, sweating, or irritation from clothing
| | | year = 2013 |
| | | month = November |
| | | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182a92df1 |
| | | pmid = 24113312 |
| | }}</ref> |
| | |[[File:Oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV, in HIV)a.jpg|thumb|400x300px|Leukoplakia - By Aitor III - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9873087]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="6" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid201377432">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743 }}</ref> | | |[[Melanoma]] |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Melanoma in situ''' (Lentigo Maligna)<ref name="pmid30266559">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559 }}</ref> | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *A lesion with [[ABCD]] |
| * [[Macule]] | | **[[Asymmetry]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | **Border irregularity |
| * Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white) | | **Color variation |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | **[[Diamete]]r changes |
| * Smooth | | *[[Bleeding]] from the lesion |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Around 1 cm | | *[[Ultraviolet|UV radiations]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Genetic predisposition]] |
| * Sun-damaged skin of the head or neck | | *[[Old age]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Male gender]] |
| * Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings | | *Family or personal history of [[melanoma]] |
| * Gray angulated lines | | *Multiple benign or atypical [[Nevus|nevi]] |
| * Gray areas, dots, and globules | | | |
| * Circle within a circle | | *[[ABCD]] characteristics |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Bleeding]] or [[ulceration]] may show [[malignancy]] |
| * '''↑''' atypical [[spindle]] shaped [[melanocytes]] | | *Serum [[LDH]] may be elevated in case of [[malignancy]] |
| * Arranged in single cells or in small nests along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]] | | *[[Biopsy]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Darkening of pigmentation, sharpening of borders, or emergence of nodular areas are signs of progression to [[lentigo maligna melanoma]]
| | *Can [[metastasize]] |
| | *All [[UV radiation]] or sun exposed areas can be effected independently |
| | *1-2 to hundreds of [[granules]] |
| | | |
| | *[[Neural crest cell]] derivative |
| | *Development begins with disruption of [[nevus]] growth control |
| | *Progression involves [[MAPK/ERK pathway]] |
| | *[[RAS|N-RAS]] or [[BRAF]] [[oncogene]] also involved |
| | |[[File:Palate malign melanoma 01.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Oral melanoma - By Emmanouil K Symvoulakis, Dionysios E Kyrmizakis, Emmanouil I Drivas, Anastassios V Koutsopoulos, Stylianos G Malandrakis, Charalambos E Skoulakis and John G Bizakis - Symvoulakis et al. Head & Face Medicine 2006 2:7 doi:10.1186/1746-160X-2-7 (Open Access), [1], CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9839811]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lentigo maligna melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid302665592">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559 }}</ref> | | |[[Fordyce spots]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Macule]] | | *Rice-like [[granules]] or [[spots]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *Small, [[painless]], [[raised]], [[pale]], red or white |
| * Brown/tan | | *1 to 3 mm in [[diameter]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Freckle-like | | *Greasy skin types |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Some [[Rheumatic|rheumatic disorders]] |
| * Variable | | *[[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | **Lower [[gingiva]] (gums) |
| * Chronically sun-damaged areas | | **[[Vestibular system|Vestibular mucosa]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings | | *[[Physical exam]] |
| * Gray angulated lines | | *Small [[keratin]]-filled [[pseudocysts]] |
| * Gray areas, dots, and globules | | *May be seen on [[incidental]] [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] |
| * Circle within a circle | | **[[Biopsy]] not done for them primarily |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * "Star-burst giant cells" in [[epidermis]] | | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| * "Swallow's nest" sign along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]] | | **[[Vermillion border|Vermilion border]] of the lips |
| * Minimal [[cytoplasm]] | | **[[Oral mucosa]] of the upper lip |
| * Pale nucleus with small nucleoli | | *[[Buccal mucosa]] in the commissural region often bilaterally |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Genitals]] |
| * Usually in older individuals
| | | |
| | *[[Benign neoplasms]] with [[sebaceous]] features |
| | *Visible [[sebaceous glands]] |
| | *No surrounding [[mucosal]] change |
| | *Several adjacent [[glands]] may coalesce into a larger cauliflower-like cluster |
| | |[[File:Fospot.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Fordyce spots - Por Perene - Obra do próprio, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19772899]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Superficial spreading melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19782937">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I| title=Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis. | journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 142-8 | pmid=19782937 | doi=10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19782937 }}</ref> | | |[[Burning mouth syndrome]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Macule]] | | *Burning or [[tingling]] on the [[lips]], [[tongue]], or entire [[mouth]] |
| * Plaque with irregular borders
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Nutritional deficiencies]] |
| * Variably pigmented (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
| | *Chronic [[anxiety]] or [[depression]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Diabetes type 2]] |
| * Thin | | *[[Menopause]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Oral thrush]] or [[dry mouth]], or damaged [[nerves]] transmitting taste |
| * 1 mm to > 1 cm | | *[[Female gender ]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Menopause]] |
| * Anywhere but usually: | | | |
| ** Back (men and women) | | *[[Presentation]] |
| ** Lower extremities (women) | | *[[Physical exam]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Asymmetry of shape | | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| * > 2 colors | | | |
| * Asymmetry of structures | | *Pain typically is low in the morning and builds up over the day |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Low dosages of [[benzodiazepines]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]] or [[anticonvulsants]] may be effective |
| * Asymmetric | | | |
| * Poorly circumscribed | |
| * Lack cellular maturation
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Lateral (radial) growth before vertical (invasive) growth
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid12734496">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F et al.| title=Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2003 | volume= 48 | issue= 5 | pages= 679-93 | pmid=12734496 | doi=10.1067/mjd.2003.281 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12734496 }}</ref><ref name="MenziesMoloney2013">{{cite journal|last1=Menzies|first1=Scott W.|last2=Moloney|first2=Fergal J.|last3=Byth|first3=Karen|last4=Avramidis|first4=Michelle|last5=Argenziano|first5=Giuseppe|last6=Zalaudek|first6=Iris|last7=Braun|first7=Ralph P.|last8=Malvehy|first8=Josep|last9=Puig|first9=Susana|last10=Rabinovitz|first10=Harold S.|last11=Oliviero|first11=Margaret|last12=Cabo|first12=Horacio|last13=Bono|first13=Riccardo|last14=Pizzichetta|first14=Maria A.|last15=Claeson|first15=Magdalena|last16=Gaffney|first16=Daniel C.|last17=Soyer|first17=H. Peter|last18=Stanganelli|first18=Ignazio|last19=Scolyer|first19=Richard A.|last20=Guitera|first20=Pascale|last21=Kelly|first21=John|last22=McCurdy|first22=Olivia|last23=Llambrich|first23=Alex|last24=Marghoob|first24=Ashfaq A.|last25=Zaballos|first25=Pedro|last26=Kirchesch|first26=Herbert M.|last27=Piccolo|first27=Domenico|last28=Bowling|first28=Jonathan|last29=Thomas|first29=Luc|last30=Terstappen|first30=Karin|last31=Tanaka|first31=Masaru|last32=Pellacani|first32=Giovanni|last33=Pagnanelli|first33=Gianluca|last34=Ghigliotti|first34=Giovanni|last35=Ortega|first35=Blanca Carlos|last36=Crafter|first36=Greg|last37=Ortiz|first37=Ana María Perusquía|last38=Tromme|first38=Isabelle|last39=Karaarslan|first39=Isil Kilinc|last40=Ozdemir|first40=Fezal|last41=Tam|first41=Anthony|last42=Landi|first42=Christian|last43=Norton|first43=Peter|last44=Kaçar|first44=Nida|last45=Rudnicka|first45=Lidia|last46=Slowinska|first46=Monika|last47=Simionescu|first47=Olga|last48=Di Stefani|first48=Alessandro|last49=Coates|first49=Elliot|last50=Kreusch|first50=Juergen|title=Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=149|issue=6|year=2013|pages=699|issn=2168-6068|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466}}</ref> | | |[[Torus palatinus]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Polypoid [[nodule]] | | *Bony growth on midline of the [[hard palate]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Nodular]] mass covered with normal [[mucosa]] |
| * Dark color | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Genetic predisposition]] |
| * Lump | | **[[Autosomal dominant]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * 6mm to > 1 cm | | *[[Physical exam]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Types |
| * Trunk | | **[[Torus palatinus|Flat tori]] |
| * Head | | **[[Torus palatinus|Spindle tori]] |
| * Neck | | **[[Torus palatinus|Nodular tori]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | **[[Torus palatinus|Lobular tori]] |
| * Pigment network or pseudonetwork | | | |
| * Aggregated brown or black globules
| | *[[Hard palate]] |
| * Blue pigmentation within lesion | | | |
| * Small dotted or comma [[vessels]] | | *More common in [[Asian]] and Inuit populations |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Twice more common in [[females]] |
| * Cells [[proliferate]] downwards through the skin | | *Repeated [[trauma]] can cause [[bleeding]] |
| | | *[[Surgery]] may be required in symptomatic |
| * Dermal growth in isolation or in association with an [[epidermal]] component | | |[[File:06-06-06palataltoria.jpg|thumb|Torus palatinus|400x400px|Torus palatinus - By Photo taken by dozenist, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=846591]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles
| |
| * Rapidly enlarging
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Acral lentiginous melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19922528">{{cite journal| author=Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L| title=Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 4 | pages= 765-71 | pmid=19922528 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19922528 }}</ref> | | | colspan="4" |'''Diseases involving oral cavity and other organ systems''' |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * [[Macule]]
| | | |
| * Patch
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Dark brown to black
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Raised areas
| |
| * [[Ulceration]]
| |
| * [[Bleeding]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Variable
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Palmar
| |
| * Plantar
| |
| * Subungual
| |
| * Mucosal surfaces
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Parallel-ridge pattern
| |
| * Irregular diffuse pigmentation
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Asymmetric proliferation of single melanocytes at dermoepidermal junction
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Most common among dark skinned individuals
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Amelanotic melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid23197217">{{cite journal| author=Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG| title=Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 920-3 | pmid=23197217 | doi= | pmc=3699915 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197217 }}</ref> | | |[[Behçet's disease|Behcet's disease]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Patch | | *Painful [[mouth sores]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Acne]] like skin lesions |
| * Skin color | | *Headache, [[fever]], poor [[balance]], [[disorientation]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]] or [[bleeding]] |
| * Slightly elevated borders | | *[[Uveitis]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Joint [[swelling]] and joint [[pain]] |
| * Around 6 mm | | *Genital [[sores]] wit [[pain]] and [[scaring]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Aneurysms]] |
| * Sun-exposed areas | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Over active [[immune system]] |
| * No [[melanin]] pigmentation | | | |
| | | *[[Physical examination]] |
| * Dotted [[vessels]] | | | |
| * Linear irregular vessels | | *[[Mouth]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Genitals]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[GIT]] |
| * [[Lesion|Lesions]] not [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] since they don't produce [[melanin]] | | *[[Eye]] |
| *
| | *[[Joints]] |
| | *[[Skin]] |
| | *[[Vascular system]] |
| | *[[Brain]] |
| | | |
| | *[[Outbreaks]] of exaggerated [[inflammation]] |
| | *Affects smaller [[blood vessels]] |
| | |[[File:Behcets disease.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Behcet's disease - By Ahmet Altiner MD, Rajni Mandal MD - http://dermatology.cdlib.org/1611/articles/18_2009-10-20/2.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17863021]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nevus|Common nevus]]<ref name="pmid20137743">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12753404">{{cite journal| author=Bauer J, Garbe C| title=Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. | journal=Pigment Cell Res | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-306 | pmid=12753404 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12753404 }}</ref>''' | | |[[Crohn's disease]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Dome-shaped [[nodules]] | | *Chronic, episodic [[diarrhea]] or [[constipation]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Abdominal pain]] |
| * [[Hypopigmentation|Hypopigmented]] | | *[[Vomiting]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Weight loss]] or [[weight gain]] |
| * Smooth surface | | | |
| * Terminal hairs often present | | *[[Smoking]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Whites]] and [[European]] [[Jews]] |
| * 1 cm to > 20 cm | | *[[Hormonal contraception]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *Diets high in microparticles, sweet, fatty or refined foods |
| * Sun-exposed areas above the [[waist]] | | *Industrialized country |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Comma-shaped or curved vessels | | *Typical [[history]] and [[symptoms]] |
| * Structureless light brown background | | *[[Skip lesions]] on [[biopsy]] |
| * Residual brown thick circles around the [[hair follicles]] | | *[[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies|Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA)]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies]] ([[ANCA]]) |
| * Multinucleated [[melanocytes]] | | | |
| * [[Melanocyte|Melanocytes]] diffusely infiltrate [[dermis]] | | *[[Eyes]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Joints]] |
| * Also called Miescher [[nevus]] | | *[[Skin]] |
| | | |
| | *May lead to |
| | **[[Obstruction]]s |
| | **[[Abscess]]es |
| | **Free [[perforation]] |
| | **[[Hemorrhage]] |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Blue nevus]]'''<ref name="pmid11224601">{{cite journal| author=Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC, Busam K| title=Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-23 | pmid=11224601 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11224601 }}</ref> | | |[[Agranulocytosis]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Macules|Macule]] | | *[[Fever]] or [[chills]] |
| * [[Papule]] | | *Frequent [[infections]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Unusual [[redness]], [[pain]], or [[swelling]] around a wound |
| * Blue | | *Mouth [[ulcers]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Abdominal pain]] |
| * Smooth | | *[[Burning sensation when urinating]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Sore throat]] |
| * Variable | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Medications]]<ref name="PMID17142169">{{cite journal |author=Andrès E, Zimmer J, Affenberger S, Federici L, Alt M, Maloisel F. |title=Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis: Update of an old disorder. |journal=Eur J Intern Med. |volume=17|issue=8 |pages=529-35 |year=2006|pmid 17142169|doi=|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17142169}}</ref> |
| * Head and neck, | | *[[List of chemotherapeutic agents#Cytotoxic Chemotherapy|Cytotoxic chemotherapy]] |
| * Dorsal aspect of the distal extremities | | *[[Hematological malignancy|Hematologic malignancies]] |
| * Sacral area | | *[[Autoimmune disorders]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Structureless blue pigmentation | | *[[Neutropenia]] <100 cells per micro litre |
| * Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions | | *[[Eosinopenia]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Basopenia]] |
| * Proliferation of dendritic, dermal, melanin-producing melanocytes | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| * Also called Mongolian spots
| | *[[Skin]] |
| | *[[GIT]] |
| | *[[Urinary system]] |
| | *[[Conjunctiva]] |
| | | |
| | *[[Immunocompromised|Immunocompromization]] |
| | *Types |
| | **[[Drug-induced]] |
| | **[[Malignant]] |
| | **[[Autoimmune]] |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Spitz nevus'''<ref name="pmid22082838">{{cite journal| author=Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H| title=Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 65 | issue= 6 | pages= 1073-84 | pmid=22082838 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040 | pmc=3217183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22082838 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21494025">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G et al.| title=Natural evolution of Spitz nevi. | journal=Dermatology | year= 2011 | volume= 222 | issue= 3 | pages= 256-60 | pmid=21494025 | doi=10.1159/000326109 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21494025 }}</ref> | | |[[Syphilis]]<ref>title="By Internet Archive Book Images [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_manual_of_syphilis_and_the_venereal_diseases%2C_(1900)_(14595882378).jpg"</ref> |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Nonpigmented Spitz nevus'''
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Chancre]] |
| * [[Nodule]] | | *Regional [[lymphadenopathy]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Pink | | *[[Multiple sexual partners]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Illicit [[drug use]] |
| * Smooth | | *[[Unprotected sex]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Homosexual men|Men who have sex with men]] |
| * < 1 cm | | *Residence in highly prevalent areas |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infection |
| * Cheek | | *Presence of other [[STI]]s |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *Previous history of [[Sexually transmitted disease|STIs]] |
| * Coiled vessels | | *[[Intravenous drug use]] |
| * White network over a pink to reddish background | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Darkfield microscope|Darkfield microscopy]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *Non [[Treponema|treponemal]] tests like [[VDRL]] and [[RPR test]]) |
| * In children and adolescents
| | *[[Treponema|Treponemal]] tests[[FTA-ABS|FTA-ABS tests]], (TP-PA) assay, [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|enzyme immunoassays]], and [[Chemiluminescence|chemiluminescence immunoassays]]) |
| | | |
| | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| | *[[Penis]] |
| | *[[Cervix]] |
| | *[[Labia]] |
| | *[[Anal canal]] |
| | *[[Rectum ]] |
| | *[[CNS]] |
| | *[[Cardiovascular|CVS]] |
| | | |
| | *[[Primary syphilis]] |
| | **[[Chancre]] |
| | *[[Secondary syphilis]] |
| | **[[Condyloma latum|Condylomata lata]] |
| | *[[Latent syphilis]] |
| | **[[Asymptomatic]] |
| | *[[Tertiary syphilis]] |
| | **[[Gumma|Gummas]] |
| | **[[Neurosyphilis]] |
| | |[[File:Hutchinson teeth congenital syphilis PHIL 2385.rsh.jpg|thumb|400x400px|oral syphilis - By CDC/Susan Lindsley - http://phil.cdc.gov/phil_images/20021114/34/PHIL_2385_lores.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2134349]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Reed-like Spitz'''<ref name="pmid27222770">{{cite journal| author=Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A| title=Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 37-41 | pmid=27222770 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a07 | pmc=4866625 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27222770 }}</ref> | | |[[Coxsackie virus]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Papule | | *[[Fever]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Sores]] in the [[mouth]] |
| * Heavily [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] | | *[[Rash]] with [[blisters]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Aches]] |
| * Smooth | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Pregnancy]] |
| * < 1 cm | | *[[immunodeficiency]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Head and neck | | *[[History]] and [[Physical exam]] |
| * Upper and lower extremities | | *[[Swabbing|Throat swabs]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Swabs from the lesion |
| * Structureless black to gray center | | *[[Tzanck test]] |
| * [[Hypopigmented area|Hypopigmented]] follicular openings | | | |
| * Peripheral streaks | | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| * [[Pseudopods]] | | *[[Skin]] |
| * Globules | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Symptomatic treatment |
| * Enlarged spindle [[melanocytes]] with polyangular form | | |[[File:Hand foot mouth disease 07a.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Hand-foot-and-mouth disease - adapted from atlasdermatologico.com<ref name="urlDermatology Atlas">{{cite web |url=http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/ |title=Dermatology Atlas |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]] |
| * "Ground glass" cytoplasm | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Most commonly develops in children, adolescents, and young adults.
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Solar lentigo]]'''<ref name="pmid21175756">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K| title=Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21175756 | doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21175756 }}</ref> | | |[[Chickenpox|Chicken pox]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Multiple spots | | *[[Conjunctival]] symptoms |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Catarrhal]] symptoms |
| * Brown | | *Characteristic [[spots]] on the trunk appearing in two or three waves |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Itching]] |
| * Smooth | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Pregnancy]] |
| * Around 5mm | | *[[Premature infants]] born to susceptible mothers |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *All [[infants]] born at less than 28 weeks [[gestation]] or who weigh =1000 grams |
| * Sun-exposed areas | | *[[Immunocompromised]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | | |
| * Faint pigmented fingerprint structures | | *[[History]] and [[physical exam]] |
| * Structureless pattern | | *[[PCR]] to detect [[VZV]] in [[skin lesions]] ([[vesicles]], [[scabs]], [[Maculopapular|maculopapular lesions]]) |
| * Light brown pseudonetwork with well-defined borders and a "moth-eaten" edge
| | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| * '''↑''' [[melanin]] deposition in [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]] | | *[[Skin]] |
| * '''↑''' linear arrangement of [[melanocytes]] at the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]] | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *[[Sodium bicarbonate]] in baths or [[antihistamines]] for [[itching]] |
| * Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
| | *[[Paracetamol]] ([[acetaminophen]]) for [[fever]] |
| | *[[Prednisolone]] is [[contraindicated]] |
| | |[[File:Herpangina2016.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Chickenpox - By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52872565]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sebaceous hyperplasia]]'''<ref name="pmid24520522">{{cite journal| author=Sato T, Tanaka M| title=Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 93-5 | pmid=24520522 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0401a16 | pmc=3919849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24520522 }}</ref> | | |[[Measles]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Papule]]
| | *[[Fever]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Rash]] |
| * Skin-colored to brownish
| | *[[Cough]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Coryza]] (runny nose) |
| * Umbilicated
| | *[[Conjunctivitis]] (pink eye) |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Malaise]] |
| * 2 - 6 mm
| | *[[Koplick spots]] in mouth |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * [[Forehead]]
| | *Unvaccinated individuals<ref name="pmid11135778">{{cite journal| author=Feikin DR, Lezotte DC, Hamman RF, Salmon DA, Chen RT, Hoffman RE| title=Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization. | journal=JAMA | year= 2000 | volume= 284 | issue= 24 | pages= 3145-50 | pmid=11135778 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11135778 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9009400">{{cite journal| author=Ratnam S, West R, Gadag V, Williams B, Oates E| title=Immunity against measles in school-aged children: implications for measles revaccination strategies. | journal=Can J Public Health | year= 1996 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 407-10 | pmid=9009400 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9009400 }} </ref> |
| * [[Nose]]
| | *Crowded and/or unsanitary conditions |
| * [[Cheeks]]
| | *Traveling to less developed and developing countries |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Immunocompromized |
| * Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown [[vessels]]"
| | *Winter and [[spring]] seasons |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Born after 1956 and never fully vaccinated |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Health care workers |
| * Usually in middle-aged or older patients
| | | |
| |-
| | *[[History]] and [[examination]] |
| | colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Lichen planus-like keratosis'''<ref name="pmid16148406">{{cite journal| author=Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S| title=Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 2005 | volume= 27 | issue= 5 | pages= 387-92 | pmid=16148406 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16148406 }}</ref>
| | *[[PCR]] for [[Measles]]-specific [[IgM|IgM antibody]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[PCR]] for [[Measles]] [[RNA]] |
| * [[Papule]] | | | |
| * [[Plaques|Plaque]] | | *[[Oral cavity]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Skin]] |
| * Gray to brown | | *[[Respiratory tract]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *[[Eyes]] |
| * Prominent | | *[[Throat]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | | |
| * Variable | | *Caused by [[Morbillivirus]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Primary site of infection is the [[respiratory epithelium]] of the [[nasopharynx]] |
| * [[Upper trunk]] | | *Transmitted in [[respiratory secretions]], via [[aerosol droplets]] containing [[Virus|virus particles]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |[[File:Koplik spots, measles 6111 lores.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Koplick spots (Measles) - By CDC - http://phil.cdc.gov/PHIL_Images/20040908/4f54ee8f0e5f49f58aaa30c1bc6413ba/6111_lores.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=824483]] |
| * Shows a coarse or fine, gray to blue, granular [[pigmentation]] | | |}</small></small> |
| * Diffuse brownish gray [[granules]] | | </div> |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |
| * [[Hypergranulosis]] | |
| * [[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]] | |
| * Superficial bandlike infiltrate | |
| * Melanophages
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Appearance depends on stage of evolution
| |
| |}
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