Superior vena cava syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]

Overview

Superior vena cava syndrome may be caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava by neoplastic invasion of the venous wall, intravascular thrombosis, enlarged lymph nodes, enlarged ascending aorta, or by extrinsic pressure of a tumor against the thin-walled superior vena cava.[1]

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, arteriovenous fistula, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, blood clots in the superior vena cava, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, pericarditis, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis of the superior vena cava, transposition of the great vessels, vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Behcet's disease, dermoid cyst, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Goitre, teratoma, thyroid cancer
Environmental Mesothelioma
Gastroenterologic Cystic fibrosis, esophageal varices
Genetic Cystic fibrosis
Hematologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cystic hygroma, plasmacytomas
Iatrogenic Indwelling catheter, Mustard procedure, pacemakers, parenteral nutrition, presence of central venous catheters, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease Actinomycosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, filariasis, histoplasmosis, mediastinitis, sepsis, syphilis, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Increased intracranial pressure
Nutritional / Metabolic Cystic fibrosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic Dermoid cyst, teratoma
Oncologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adenocarcinoma of the lung, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, cystic hygroma, dermoid cyst, esophageal cancer, Good syndrome, Hodgkin disease, large B-cell lymphoma, large cell carcinoma of the lung, leiomyosarcomas, lung cancer, lymphoblastic lymphoma, lymphoma, malignancy, mediastinal tumor, mesothelioma, metastasis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oat cell carcinoma, Pancoast tumor, plasmacytomas, renal cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, teratoma, testicular cancer, thymic tumors, thymoma, thyroid cancer
Opthalmologic Dermoid cyst
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Cystic fibrosis,fibrosing mediastinitis, large cell carcinoma of the lung, lung cancer, mediastinal fibrosis, mediastinitis, mesothelioma, Pancoast tumor, pneumothorax, sclerosing mediastinitis, small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte Renal cell carcinoma
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Behcet's disease, Good syndrome, vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Testicular cancer
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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