Sudden cardiac death echocardiography and ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3]

Overview

Echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis the cause of lethal arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest.

Echocardiography

Echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis the cause of lethal arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest by assessment of the following:

• Regional wall motion abnormality
• Systolic function of left ventricle
• Evidence of myocardial infarction
• Valvular heart disease such as aortic stenosis
• Right ventricular cardiomyopathy
• Pericardial effusion
• Tamponade
• Aorta dissection

2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrythymias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death

Recommendations for evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest survivors

Class IIa (Level of Evidence: C)

In SCA survivors, brain/ chest CT scan should be considered when patient characteristics, ECG, and echocardiography are not consistent with a cardiac cause.

Class I (Level of Evidence: C)

Echocardiography is recommended for evaluation of cardiac structure and function in all SCA survivors.

Recommendation for management of relatives of a patient with aarhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Class I (Level of Evidence: C)

In a first-degree relative of a patient with ARVC, ECG and echocardiogram are recommended.

Recommendation for management of relatives of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Class I (Level of Evidence: C)

In a first-degree relative of a patient with HCM, ECG and echocardiogram are recommended.

Class I (Level of Evidence: B)

Baseline familial evaluation of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) decedents is recommended to include taking a medical history and performing physical examination, standard and high precordial lead ECG, echocardiography, and exercise testing.

Class I (Level of Evidence: C)

Coronary imaging and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) are recommended for evaluation of cardiac structure and function in all SCA survivors without a clear underlying cause.

2017AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for management of sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia

Class I (Level of Evidence: B)

Echocardiography is recommended in patients with ventricular arrhythmia for evaluation of underlying structural heart disease