Medulloblastoma staging
|
Medulloblastoma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case studies |
|
Medulloblastoma staging On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Medulloblastoma staging |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Medulloblastoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]
Overview
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma patients are risk stratified into either a standard risk group or a high risk group based on the tumor stage, the patient's age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection.[1][2]
Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang staging system.[1]
T: Primary Tumor
| T | Description |
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | There is no evidence of primary tumor |
| T1 | Tumor size <3 cm in diameter |
| T2 | Tumor size ≥3 cm in diameter with no evidence of extension |
| T3a | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka |
| T3b | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the brain stem |
| T4 | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum |
M: Distant Metastasis
| M | Description |
| M0 | No evidence of metastasis |
| M1 | Microscopic tumor cells present in the cerebrospinal fluid |
| M2 | Gross nodular seeding present intracranially beyond the primary tumor site |
| M3 | Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal subarachnoid space |
| M4 | Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis |
Risk Stratification
- Medulloblastoma patients are risk stratified into either a standard risk group or a high risk group based on the tumor stage, the patient's age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection.[3]
- Risk stratification determines the protocol of management used for medulloblastoma patients.
- The table below demonstrates the risk stratification for medulloblastoma patients:[3][2]
| Parameters | Standard Risk Group | High Risk Group |
|---|---|---|
|
Age |
|
|
|
Extent of previous surgical resection |
|
|
|
Tumor stage |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Harisiadis L, Chang CH (1977). "Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2 (9–10): 833–41. PMID 597384.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 282015)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F (2013). "Medulloblastoma". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 25 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008. PMID 23245832.