Family with sequence similarity 20, member C also known as FAM20C or DMP4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM20Cgene.[1][2][3] Fam20C, a Golgi localized protein kinase, is a serine kinase that phosphorylates both casein and other highly acidic proteins and members of the small integrin-binding ligand, the N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) family at the target motif SerXGlu.[4]
Dmp4 causes differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into functional odontoblast cells and is likely to function as a regulator of dentin mineralization.[2][5] FAM20C is a secretory kinase, responsible for the phosphorylation of all secreted proteins, from milk to bone proteins.[4] Phosphorylation by Fam20C in the secretory pathway is essential for proper biomineralization of bone. The substrate specificity of FAM20C indicates, however, that it is not likely to account for the tyrosine phosphorylation of the secreted protein. The characterization of FAM20C as an active serine kinase in the Golgi apparatus provides a clear precedent that ATP dependent protein phosphorylation can take place in the secretory apparatus.[4][6][7] Fam20C knockout mice develop severe hypophosphatemic rickets due to an increased renal phosphate wasting that is likely attributed to the remarkable elevation of serum FGF23,[8] while their dentin and enamel defects are largely independent from the hypophosphatemia and appear to be a local effects of phosphorylation failure in the SCPP proteins[8][9][10]
↑ 2.02.1Hao J, Narayanan K, Muni T, Ramachandran A, George A (May 2007). "Dentin matrix protein 4, a novel secretory calcium-binding protein that modulates odontoblast differentiation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (21): 15357–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701547200. PMID17369251.
↑Yalak G, Vogel V (Dec 2012). "Extracellular phosphorylation and phosphorylated proteins: not just curiosities but physiologically important". Science Signaling. 5 (255): re7. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003273. PMID23250399.
Hao J, Narayanan K, Muni T, Ramachandran A, George A (May 2007). "Dentin matrix protein 4, a novel secretory calcium-binding protein that modulates odontoblast differentiation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (21): 15357–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701547200. PMID17369251.
Simpson MA, Scheuerle A, Hurst J, Patton MA, Stewart H, Crosby AH (Mar 2009). "Mutations in FAM20C also identified in non-lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia". Clinical Genetics. 75 (3): 271–6. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01118.x. PMID19250384.
