Hyperlipoproteinemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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*[[Coronary heart disease]] It is an end result of the accumulation of [[atheromatous plaque]]s within the walls of the arteries that supply the [[myocardium]] (the muscle of the [[heart]]) with oxygen and nutrients. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise. | *[[Coronary heart disease]] It is an end result of the accumulation of [[atheromatous plaque]]s within the walls of the arteries that supply the [[myocardium]] (the muscle of the [[heart]]) with oxygen and nutrients. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise. | ||
*[[Cerebrovascular disease]] | |||
*[[Carotid artery stenosis]] | *[[Carotid artery stenosis]] | ||
It is a narrowing of the lumen of the [[carotid artery]], usually by [[atheroma]] (a fatty lump or plaque causing [[atherosclerosis]]), which may cause [[transient ischemic attacks]] (TIAs) and [[cerebrovascular accidents]] (CVAs) as it obstructs the bloodstream to the [[brain]]. It also has the potential to generate [[emboli]] (blood clots) that obstruct the cerebral arteries. | It is a narrowing of the lumen of the [[carotid artery]], usually by [[atheroma]] (a fatty lump or plaque causing [[atherosclerosis]]), which may cause [[transient ischemic attacks]] (TIAs) and [[cerebrovascular accidents]] (CVAs) as it obstructs the bloodstream to the [[brain]]. It also has the potential to generate [[emboli]] (blood clots) that obstruct the cerebral arteries. | ||
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*[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | *[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | ||
It is a localized dilatation of the [[abdominal aorta]], that exceeds the normal diameter by more than 50%, which is caused by a [[degenerative]] process of the aortic wall, however the exact correlation with hyperlipidemia is unknown. | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 19:24, 23 October 2012
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Lipoprotein Disorders Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
"(Disease name), without treatment, progresses to eventually cause _____ and ____. (Disease name) can be complicated by the development of ____. The prognosis of (disease name) is poor/ good. (Disease name) is associated with a 1/5/10 year mortality of ___%.
Natural History
Hyperlipidemia may be inherited or secondary to some underlying disorder. High levels of LDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemia increase cholesterol uptake in non-hepatic cells where monocytes and macrophages engulf cholesterol particles, leading to formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque in the endothelium of arteries, leading to development of symptoms of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. Cholesterol also accumulates in other areas, such as the skin, causing xanthelasmas and the tendons, causing variety of xanthomas. Early corneal arcus is also common. Without treatment, the patient will also develop valvular abnormalities, most frequently aortic stenosis, due to the deposition of cholesterol.
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of hyperlipidemia are:
- Coronary heart disease It is an end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise.
It is a narrowing of the lumen of the carotid artery, usually by atheroma (a fatty lump or plaque causing atherosclerosis), which may cause transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) as it obstructs the bloodstream to the brain. It also has the potential to generate emboli (blood clots) that obstruct the cerebral arteries.
It is an obstruction of large peripheral arteries resulting from atherosclerosis, which leads to acute or chronic ischemia (lack of blood supply), typically of the legs.
It is a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta, that exceeds the normal diameter by more than 50%, which is caused by a degenerative process of the aortic wall, however the exact correlation with hyperlipidemia is unknown.
Prognosis
- This section should detail the prognosis of the disease, both treated and untreated.
- Here are some template sentences; "The prognosis of (disease name) is poor/good with treatment. Without treatment, (disease name) will result in ___. (Disease name) is associated with a 1/5/10 year mortality of __. The presence of ___ is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with (disease name).
- For an example of a prognosis section within a natural history, complications and prognosis page, click here.