Myocardium

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Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

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Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart.

Relationship to other layers

The other tissues of the heart are:

• the endocardium (inner lining, effectively a specialised endothelium)
• the epicardium (a connective tissue layer around the heart with a serous surface. It may be considered as the inner (visceral) layer of the pericardium)

Composition

The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells with an ability not possessed by muscle tissue elsewhere in the body. Cardiac muscle, like other muscles, can contract, but it can also carry an action potential (i.e. conduct electricity), like the neurones that constitute nerves.

The blood supply of the myocardium is by the coronary arteries.

Pathology

Occlusion of the coronary arteries by atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis can lead to myocardial infarction.

Certain viruses lead to inflammation of the myocardium, or myocarditis.

Cardiomyopathies are inherent diseases of the myocardium, many of which are caused by genetic mutations.

Failure of the heart to contract properly (for various reasons) is often termed heart failure although the proper term for this condition is myocardial failure. Heart failure is a general term referring to overwhelming heart disease from many causes (e.g., myocardial failure, valvular heart disease, increased ventricular stiffness) resulting in the inability of the heart to maintain normal ventricular filling pressure (resulting in fluid retention, edema, pulmonary oedema, hepatomegaly) and/or reduced blood flow to the body either at rest or during exercise. Myocardial failure resulting in heart failure results in a shortened life expectancy and decreased quality of life.

Disease of myocardium

Diseases of the myocardium are called a cardiomyopathy.

External links

• Histology at Boston University 03802ooa
• Information on Myocardium
• Immunocytochemical image of cardiac muscle
• Myocardial antibody

Cost Effectiveness of Myocardium

| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Myocardium | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Myocardium at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Myocardium • Clinical Trials on Myocardium at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Myocardium | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Myocardium • NICE Guidance on Myocardium • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Myocardium • CDC on Myocardium

| group7 = Textbook Information on Myocardium | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Myocardium

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Myocardium | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Myocardium • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Myocardium • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Myocardium • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Myocardium • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Myocardium • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Myocardium • AND (pregnancy)}} Myocardium in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Myocardium •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Myocardium | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Myocardium • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Myocardium • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Myocardium

| group10 = Newstories on Myocardium | list10 = Myocardium in the news • Be alerted to news on Myocardium • News trends on Myocardium</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Myocardium | list11 = Blogs on Myocardium

| group12 = Patient Resources on Myocardium | list12 = Patient resources on Myocardium • Discussion groups on Myocardium • Patient Handouts on Myocardium • Directions to Hospitals Treating Myocardium • Risk calculators and risk factors for Myocardium

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Myocardium | list13 = Symptoms of Myocardium • Causes & Risk Factors for Myocardium • Diagnostic studies for Myocardium • Treatment of Myocardium

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Myocardium | list14 = CME Programs on Myocardium

| group15 = International Resources on Myocardium | list15 = Myocardium en Espanol • Myocardium en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Myocardium | list16 = Myocardium in the Marketplace • Patents on Myocardium

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Myocardium | list17 = List of terms related to Myocardium

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