Gonorrhea physical examination: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 53: Line 53:
**Periorbital edema
**Periorbital edema
**Corneal involvement
**Corneal involvement
*Neonatal Conjunctivitis
*[[Neonatal Conjunctivitis]]
**[[Chemosis]]
**[[Chemosis]]
**Severe lid edema
**Severe lid edema

Revision as of 20:06, 4 October 2016

Sexually transmitted diseases Main Page

Gonorrhea Microchapters

Home

Patient Info

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Gonorrhea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Antibiotic Resistance

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Gonorrhea physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gonorrhea physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Gonorrhea physical examination

CDC on Gonorrhea physical examination

Gonorrhea physical examination in the news

Blogs on Gonorrhea physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Gonorrhea

Risk calculators and risk factors for Gonorrhea physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

Women with gonococcal infection usually appear to be well until complications such as PID develop. Physical examination of women with gonococcal infection is usually remarkable for mucopurulent urethral, cervical or vaginal discharge, friable appearance of the cervix, and cervical motion tenderness. Common physical examination finding of gonococcal infection among men includes mucopurulent urethral discharge. Less commonly penile edema, and epididymal tenderness and edema (epididymitis) may also be seen as a part of complicated gonococcal infection.[1][2][3]

Physical examination of patients with pharyngeal gonococcal infection is usually remarkable for mild pharyngeal exudates and rectal gonococcal infection is usually remarkable for mucopurulent anal discharge. Physical examination of patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is usually remarkable for fever, pustular or vesicular rash, and musculoskeletal findings.[1][4]

Physical examination

Common urogenital and extragenital Infection

The most common site of gonococcal infection is the urethra, endocervix, rectum, and pharynx. Physical examination of patients with gonococcal infection is usually remarkable for:

Type of Gonococcal Infection Physical Examination
Urogenital infection in men[2]
  • Mucopurulent urethral discharge
  • Bull-headed clap (penile edema)
  • Unilateral epididymal tenderness and edema (epididymitis)
Urogenital infection in women:[1][3][5][6][7][8]
Proctitis[9]
Pharyngitis[10][11]
Conjunctivitis

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection

Dissemination gonococcal infection usually can result two clinical syndromes:[4][12][13]

Other less common manifestations of disseminated gonococcal infection include:

Physical examination of patients with disseminated gonococcal infection is usually remarkable for:[1][4]

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection Organ systems
General Appearance
  • Fever (usually less than 39°C)
  • Chills
  • Generalized malaise

Note: Occurs in the acute phase of infection

Skin
Eye
  • Conjunctivitis
    • Conjunctival injection
    • Purulent eye discharge
    • Periorbital edema
Musculoskeletal

Note: purulent arthritis may be abrupt onset of monoarthritis or oligoarthritis without skin lesions and fever

  • Tenosynovitis
    • Erythema along a tendon sheath
    • Local tenderness along a tendon sheath
    • Painful active or passive range of motion

Note: most commonly occurs in hands and less commonly lower extremities

Central Nervous System
Cardiac

Images

The following are images associated with gonorrhea physical examination.[14][15]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Workowski KA, Bolan GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR Recomm Rep. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMID 26042815.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Sherrard J, Barlow D (1996). "Gonorrhoea in men: clinical and diagnostic aspects". Genitourin Med. 72 (6): 422–6. PMC 1195730. PMID 9038638.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Barlow D, Phillips I (1978). "Gonorrhoea in women. Diagnostic, clinical, and laboratory aspects". Lancet. 1 (8067): 761–4. PMID 76760.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Rice PA (2005). "Gonococcal arthritis (disseminated gonococcal infection)". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 19 (4): 853–61. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.003. PMID 16297736.
  5. Huppert JS, Biro F, Lan D, Mortensen JE, Reed J, Slap GB (2007). "Urinary symptoms in adolescent females: STI or UTI?". J Adolesc Health. 40 (5): 418–24. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.12.010. PMC 1976261. PMID 17448399.
  6. Eschenbach DA, Buchanan TM, Pollock HM, Forsyth PS, Alexander ER, Lin JS; et al. (1975). "Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease". N Engl J Med. 293 (4): 166–71. doi:10.1056/NEJM197507242930403. PMID 806017.
  7. Risser WL, Risser JM, Benjamins LJ, Feldmann JM (2007). "Incidence of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome in adolescents who have pelvic inflammatory disease". J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 20 (3): 179–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.08.004. PMID 17561186.
  8. Rees E (1967). "Gonococcal bartholinitis". Br J Vener Dis. 43 (3): 150–6. PMC 1047872. PMID 4963696.
  9. Stansfield VA (1980). "Diagnosis and management of anorectal gonorrhoea in women". Br J Vener Dis. 56 (5): 319–21. PMC 1045815. PMID 7427703.
  10. Kraus SJ (1Link title979). "Incidence and therapy of gonococcal pharyngitis". Sex Transm Dis. 6 (2 Suppl): 143–7. PMID 386537. Check date values in: |year= (help)
  11. Osborne NG, Grubin L (1979). "Colonization of the pharynx with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: experience in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases". Sex Transm Dis. 6 (4): 253–6. PMID 119330.
  12. Bleich AT, Sheffield JS, Wendel GD, Sigman A, Cunningham FG (2012). "Disseminated gonococcal infection in women". Obstet Gynecol. 119 (3): 597–602. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318244eda9. PMID 22353959.
  13. O'Brien JP, Goldenberg DL, Rice PA (1983). "Disseminated gonococcal infection: a prospective analysis of 49 patients and a review of pathophysiology and immune mechanisms". Medicine (Baltimore). 62 (6): 395–406. PMID 6415361.
  14. STD Gonorrhea Infection Gallery http://www.std-gov.org/std_picture/gonorrhea_w.htm Accessed on September 22, 2016
  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health Image Library (PHIL) http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Accessed on September 22, 2016

Template:WH Template:WS