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__NOTOC__
{{Congenital heart disease}}
{{Congenital heart disease}}
{{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu], Atif Mohammad, M.D., [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]][mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]
{{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu], Atif Mohammad, M.D., [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]][mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]


==Overview==
==Overview==
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*Immunization of children with rubella vaccine
*Immunization of children with rubella vaccine
*Fetal echocardiography
*Fetal echocardiography
==2008 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid19038677">{{cite journal| author=Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA et al.| title=ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= e1-121 | pmid=19038677 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038677  }} </ref> ==
=== Recommendations for Infective Endocarditis (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid19038677">{{cite journal| author=Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA et al.| title=ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= e1-121 | pmid=19038677 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038677  }} </ref> ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' ACHD patients must be informed of their potential risk for [[infective endocarditis]] (IE) and should be provided with the [[American Heart Association]] (AHA) information card with instructions for prophylaxis.  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' When patients with ACHD present with an unexplained febrile illness and potential IE, [[blood cultures]] should be drawn before [[antibiotic]] treatment is initiated to avoid delay in diagnosis due to "culture-negative" IE. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' [[Transthoracic echocardiography]] (TTE) should be performed when the diagnosis of native-valve IE is suspected.  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' [[Transesophageal echocardiography]] (TEE) is indicated if TTE windows are inadequate or equivocal, in the presence of a prosthetic valve or material or surgically constructed shunt, in the presence of complex congenital cardiovascular anatomy, or to define possible complications of endocarditis (e.g., [[sepsis]], [[abscess]], [[valvular]] destruction or dehiscence, [[embolism]], or [[hemodynamic]] instability). <ref name="pmid17446442">{{cite journal |author=Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, Bolger A, Cabell CH, Takahashi M, Baltimore RS, Newburger JW, Strom BL, Tani LY, Gerber M, Bonow RO, Pallasch T, Shulman ST, Rowley AH, Burns JC, Ferrieri P, Gardner T, Goff D, Durack DT |title=Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=116 |issue=15 |pages=1736–54 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17446442 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17446442 |accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' ACHD patients with evidence of IE should have early consultation with a surgeon with experience in ACHD because of the potential for rapid deterioration and concern about possible infection of prosthetic material. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Prophylaxis against IE is not recommended for nondental procedures (such as [[esophagogastroduodenoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]) in the absence of active infection. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' [[Antibiotic]] prophylaxis before dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the [[oral mucosa]] is reasonable in patients with CHD with the highest risk for adverse outcome from IE including those with the following indications: <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''a.''' [[Prosthetic cardiac valve]] or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''b.''' Previous IE. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''c.''' Unrepaired and palliated cyanotic CHD, including surgically constructed palliative shunts and conduits. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''d.''' Completely repaired CHD with prosthetic materials, whether placed by surgery or by [[catheter]] intervention, during the first 6 months after the procedure. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''e.''' Repaired CHD with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device that inhibits endothelialization.  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' It is reasonable to consider antibiotic prophylaxis against IE before vaginal delivery at the time of membrane rupture in select patients with the highest risk of adverse outcomes. This includes patients with the following indications: <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''a.''' [[Prosthetic cardiac valve]] or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''b.''' Unrepaired and palliated cyanotic CHD, including surgically constructed palliative shunts and conduits. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]


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Latest revision as of 21:07, 4 March 2013

Congenital heart disease Microchapters

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Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2], Atif Mohammad, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Prevention is an integral element for expectant mothers. The following details specific behaviors an expectant mother can take to reduce the risk for a congenital heart defect.

Prevention

  • No medication should be taken in pregnancy without prior physician consultation.
  • Appropriate rediological equipment and techniques for reducing gonadal and fetal radiation exposure.
  • Prenatal screening - Amniocentesis, Chorionic villous sampling
  • Immunization of children with rubella vaccine
  • Fetal echocardiography

2008 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Recommendations for Infective Endocarditis (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Class I
"1. ACHD patients must be informed of their potential risk for infective endocarditis (IE) and should be provided with the American Heart Association (AHA) information card with instructions for prophylaxis. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"2. When patients with ACHD present with an unexplained febrile illness and potential IE, blood cultures should be drawn before antibiotic treatment is initiated to avoid delay in diagnosis due to "culture-negative" IE. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"3. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) should be performed when the diagnosis of native-valve IE is suspected. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"4. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is indicated if TTE windows are inadequate or equivocal, in the presence of a prosthetic valve or material or surgically constructed shunt, in the presence of complex congenital cardiovascular anatomy, or to define possible complications of endocarditis (e.g., sepsis, abscess, valvular destruction or dehiscence, embolism, or hemodynamic instability). [2](Level of Evidence: B)"
"5. ACHD patients with evidence of IE should have early consultation with a surgeon with experience in ACHD because of the potential for rapid deterioration and concern about possible infection of prosthetic material. (Level of Evidence: C)"
Class III
"1. Prophylaxis against IE is not recommended for nondental procedures (such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy) in the absence of active infection. (Level of Evidence: C) "
Class IIa
"1. Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa is reasonable in patients with CHD with the highest risk for adverse outcome from IE including those with the following indications: "
"a. Prosthetic cardiac valve or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"b. Previous IE. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"c. Unrepaired and palliated cyanotic CHD, including surgically constructed palliative shunts and conduits. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"d. Completely repaired CHD with prosthetic materials, whether placed by surgery or by catheter intervention, during the first 6 months after the procedure. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"e. Repaired CHD with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device that inhibits endothelialization. (Level of Evidence: B) "
"2. It is reasonable to consider antibiotic prophylaxis against IE before vaginal delivery at the time of membrane rupture in select patients with the highest risk of adverse outcomes. This includes patients with the following indications: "
"a. Prosthetic cardiac valve or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair. (Level of Evidence: C) "
"b. Unrepaired and palliated cyanotic CHD, including surgically constructed palliative shunts and conduits. (Level of Evidence: C) "

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA; et al. (2008). "ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 52 (23): e1–121. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.001. PMID 19038677.
  2. ↑ Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, Bolger A, Cabell CH, Takahashi M, Baltimore RS, Newburger JW, Strom BL, Tani LY, Gerber M, Bonow RO, Pallasch T, Shulman ST, Rowley AH, Burns JC, Ferrieri P, Gardner T, Goff D, Durack DT (2007). "Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group". Circulation. 116 (15): 1736–54. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095. PMID 17446442. Retrieved 2012-11-06. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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