Allergic conjunctivitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}} | {{Allergic conjunctivitis}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] exhibits distinct [[epidemiological]] and [[demographic]] [[characteristics]] based on the populations studied and the presence of [[comorbid]] conditions. Females are more affected and children often have other co-existent [[allergic]] [[diseases]]. Intermittent episodes are common, with the [[chronic]] forms more encountered in [[clinical]] practice. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
* A [[prevalence]] of 15-20% is seen in studies performed on older population, but more recent studies estimate rates as high as 40%<ref name="pmid21785348">{{cite journal| author=Rosario N, Bielory L| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-6 | pmid=21785348 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a9676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21785348 }} </ref>. | |||
* The age-sex adjusted [[prevalence]] was as high as 70.5% in a study conducted in Saudi Arabia, which did not show any variation of risk of the [[disease]] with age group. However, females were affected more frequently than males<ref name="pmid32174737">{{cite journal| author=Alqurashi KA, Bamahfouz AY, Almasoudi BM| title=Prevalence and causative agents of allergic conjunctivitis and its determinants in adult citizens of Western Saudi Arabia: A survey. | journal=Oman J Ophthalmol | year= 2020 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-33 | pmid=32174737 | doi=10.4103/ojo.OJO_31_2019 | pmc=7050458 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32174737 }} </ref>. | |||
* Most children with [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] also suffer from [[allergic]] [[rhinitis]]. Ocular allergies may even supersede the primary complaints of nasal congestion<ref name="pmid21785348">{{cite journal| author=Rosario N, Bielory L| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-6 | pmid=21785348 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a9676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21785348 }} </ref>. | |||
* Although seasonal [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] is the most frequent form, the [[chronic]] forms, such as [[vernal]] and [[atopic]] [[keratoconjunctivitis]], are the ones more commonly encountered by [[ophthalmologists]]<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920 }} </ref>. | |||
* Most of the patients with [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] suffer few mild ,intermittent episodes on an annual basis. However, 30% of patients experience intense and persistent [[symptoms]]<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920 }} </ref>. | |||
* [[Treatment]] is frequently inappropriate<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920 }} </ref>. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:12, 10 September 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
Allergic conjunctivitis exhibits distinct epidemiological and demographic characteristics based on the populations studied and the presence of comorbid conditions. Females are more affected and children often have other co-existent allergic diseases. Intermittent episodes are common, with the chronic forms more encountered in clinical practice.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- A prevalence of 15-20% is seen in studies performed on older population, but more recent studies estimate rates as high as 40%[1].
- The age-sex adjusted prevalence was as high as 70.5% in a study conducted in Saudi Arabia, which did not show any variation of risk of the disease with age group. However, females were affected more frequently than males[2].
- Most children with allergic conjunctivitis also suffer from allergic rhinitis. Ocular allergies may even supersede the primary complaints of nasal congestion[1].
- Although seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is the most frequent form, the chronic forms, such as vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, are the ones more commonly encountered by ophthalmologists[3].
- Most of the patients with allergic conjunctivitis suffer few mild ,intermittent episodes on an annual basis. However, 30% of patients experience intense and persistent symptoms[3].
- Treatment is frequently inappropriate[3].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rosario N, Bielory L (2011). "Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 11 (5): 471–6. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a9676. PMID 21785348.
- ↑ Alqurashi KA, Bamahfouz AY, Almasoudi BM (2020). "Prevalence and causative agents of allergic conjunctivitis and its determinants in adult citizens of Western Saudi Arabia: A survey". Oman J Ophthalmol. 13 (1): 29–33. doi:10.4103/ojo.OJO_31_2019. PMC 7050458 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32174737 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D (2015). "Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 15 (5): 482–8. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204. PMID 26258920.