Allergic conjunctivitis secondary prevention
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Overview
Early diagnosis and treatment constitute the secondary prevention of allergic conjunctivitis. It involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.
Secondary Prevention
Early diagnosis
The diagnosis should be confirmed and the severity assessed by a proper history and a thorough physical examination.
Treatment
Pharmacological measures[1]
The dual-activity agents are considered first-line. When symptoms and signs remain uncontrolled, a short course of topical ophthalmic steroids may be considered which might need monitoring by an eye care specialist is necessary if prescribed for longer term. Other treatments include concomitant use of nasal steroids, oral anti-histamines and/or topical ophthalmic NSAIDs. Immunotherapy, either subcutaneous or sublingual, can be considered when medical therapy is insufficient, poorly tolerated or for patient preference.
Non-pharmacological adjuncts
- Applying cold compresses can alleviate itching, hyperemia and edema by constricting conjunctival blood vessels[2].
- Lubricant eye drops dilute and flush away the allergens and inflammatory cells from the tear film[3].
- Large wraparound sunglasses can reduce contact with aeroallergens and improve photophobia[2].
References
- ↑ Dupuis P, Prokopich CL, Hynes A, Kim H (2020). "A contemporary look at allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 16: 5. doi:10.1186/s13223-020-0403-9. PMC 6975089 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31993069. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sánchez-Hernández MC, Montero J, Rondon C, Benitez del Castillo JM, Velázquez E, Herreras JM; et al. (2015). "Consensus document on allergic conjunctivitis (DECA)". J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 25 (2): 94–106. PMID 25997302.
- ↑ Bielory L, Meltzer EO, Nichols KK, Melton R, Thomas RK, Bartlett JD (2013). "An algorithm for the management of allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy Asthma Proc. 34 (5): 408–20. doi:10.2500/aap.2013.34.3695. PMID 23998237.