Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [4] Shyam Patel [5]
Overview
In 2015, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was approximately 6.5 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of approximately 50% in the United States. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. Males are more commonly affected with acute myeloid leukemia than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.3 to 1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence and Mortality 2015
- Estimated new cases and deaths from acute myeloid leukemia in the United States in 2015.[1]
- In 2015, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was estimated to be 6.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
- The case fatality rate of acute myeloid leukemia is approximately of 50% in the United States.
Incidence
- Acute myeloid leukemia is a relatively rare cancer. There are approximately 20,500 new cases each year in the United States, and the incidence rate has remained stable from 1995 through 2005.
- Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States.
- In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.05 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[2]
- In infants younger than 1 year old, the incidence is 1.5 per 100,000 persons.[3]
- In patients above the age of 80, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia is 25 per 100,000 persons.[3]
- In the first decade of life, the incidence is 0.4 cases per 100,000 persons.[3]
- In the second decade of life, the incidence is 1 case per 100,000 persons.[3]
Age
- The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years.
- Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults, but is rare in children.
- The rate of therapy-related Acute myeloid leukemia (that is, acute myeloid leukemia caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising; therapy-related disease currently accounts for about 10–20% of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia.[4]
- While the overall age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 3.8 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by age category is:[2]
- Under 65 years: 1.8 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 17.5 per 100,000
Gender
- Acute myeloid leukemia is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1.[5]
- In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by gender on 2011 is:[2]
- In males: 4.97 per 100,000 persons
- In females: 3.32 per 100,000 persons
- Shown below is an image depicting the observed incidence of myeloid leukemia by gender the United States between 1975 and 2011. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.[2]
Developed Countries
- There is some geographic variation in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania.
- In contrast, childhood acute myeloid leukemia is less common in North America.
- In United Kingdom acute myeloid leukemia accounts for 34% of all leukaemia cases and around 2,900 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011.[6]
Developing Countries
- Adult acute myeloid leukemia is rarer in Asia and Latin America.[7][8]
- Childhood acute myeloid leukemia is less common in India than in other parts of Asia.[9]
These differences may be due to population genetics, environmental factors, or a combination of the two.
References
- ↑ "National Cancer Institute".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MÁ, Cortes-Penagos C (2017). "Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis". Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 11 (4): 328–339. PMC 5767295. PMID 29340131.
- ↑ Leone G, Mele L, Pulsoni A, et al: The incidence of secondary leukemias. Haematologica 84:937, 1999. PMID 10509043
- ↑ Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, et al: Cancer statistics, 2001 erratum appears in CA Cancer J Clin 2001 Mar-Apr;51(2):144. CA Cancer J Clin 2001;51:15–36. PMID 11577478
- ↑ "Acute myeloid leukaemia acute myeloid leukemia statistics". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ↑ Linet MS: The leukemias: Epidemiologic aspects. In Lilienfeld AM (ed): Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. New York, Oxford University Press, 1985, p I.
- ↑ Aoki K, Kurihars M, Hayakawa N, et al: Death Rates for Malignant Neoplasms for Selected Sites by Sex and Five-Year Age Group in 33 Countries 1953–57 to 1983–87. Nagoya, Japan, University of Nagoya Press, International Union Against Cancer, 1992.
- ↑ Bhatia S, Neglia JP: Epidemiology of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 17:94, 1995. PMID 7749772