Hematological malignancy
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| Hematological malignancy Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | C81.-C96. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 200-208 |
| ICD-O: | 9590-9999 |
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Although hematological malignancies are a form of cancer, they are generally treated by specialists in hematology, although in many hospitals oncology specialists also manage these diseases. ("Hematology/Oncology" is a single subspecialty of Internal Medicine; there are also surgical and radiation oncologists.)
Definition
Hematological malignancies are the types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. As the three are intimately connected through the immune system, a disease affecting one of the three will often affect the others as well: although lymphoma is technically a disease of the lymph nodes, it often spreads to the bone marrow, affecting the blood and occasionally producing a paraprotein.
Chromosomal translocations are a common cause of these diseases, while this is uncommon in solid tumors. This leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies.
List of diseases
The hematological malignancies include:
- Leukemia:
- Lymphoma:
- Hodgkin's disease (four subtypes)
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (many subtypes)
- Multiple myeloma
Related disorders, which are generally not called "cancer":
- Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) - can culminate in AML
- Myelofibrosis
- Myeloproliferative disease:
- Polycythemia vera (PV, PCV or occasionally polycythemia rubra vera - PRV)
- Essential thrombocytosis (ET)
- Amyloid due to light-chain disease
Diagnosis
For the analysis of a suspected hematological malignancy, a complete blood count and blood film are essential, as malignant cells can show in characteristic ways on light microscopy. When there is lymphadenopathy, a biopsy from a lymph node is generally undertaken surgically. In general, a bone marrow biopsy is part of the "work up" for the analysis of these diseases. All specimens are examined microscopically to determine the nature of the malignancy. A number of these diseases can now be classified by cytogenetics (AML, CML) or immunophenotyping (lymphoma, myeloma, CLL) of the malignant cells.
Treatment
Treatment can occasionally consist of "watchful waiting" (e.g. in CLL) or symptomatic treatment (e.g. blood transfusions in MDS). The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and - in some cases - a bone marrow transplant.
Follow-up
If treatment has been successful ("complete" or "partial remission"), a patient is generally followed up at regular intervals to detect recurrence and monitor for "secondary malignancy" (an uncommon side-effect of some chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens - the appearance of another form of cancer). In the follow-up, that should be done with pre-determined regular intervals, general anamnesis is combined with complete blood count and determination of lactate dehydrogenase or thymidine kinase in serum.
WikiDoc Research Resources for Hematological malignancy (Click show to right to view) | |
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| Articles on Hematological malignancy | Most recent articles on Hematological malignancy • Most cited articles on Hematological malignancy • Review articles on Hematological malignancy • Articles on Hematological malignancy in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Hematological malignancy | Powerpoint slides on Hematological malignancy • Images of Hematological malignancy • Photos of Hematological malignancy • Podcasts & MP3s on Hematological malignancy • Videos on Hematological malignancy |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Hematological malignancy | Cochrane Collaboration on Hematological malignancy • Bandolier on Hematological malignancy • TRIP on Hematological malignancy |
| Cost Effectiveness of Hematological malignancy | Cost Effectiveness of Hematological malignancy |
| Clinical Trials Involving Hematological malignancy | Ongoing Trials on Hematological malignancy at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Hematological malignancy • Clinical Trials on Hematological malignancy at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Hematological malignancy | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hematological malignancy • NICE Guidance on Hematological malignancy • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Hematological malignancy • CDC on Hematological malignancy |
| Textbook Information on Hematological malignancy | Books and Textbook Information on Hematological malignancy |
| Pharmacology Resources on Hematological malignancy | Dosing of Hematological malignancy • Drug interactions with Hematological malignancy • Side effects of Hematological malignancy • Allergic reactions to Hematological malignancy • Overdose information on Hematological malignancy • Carcinogenicity information on Hematological malignancy • Hematological malignancy in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Hematological malignancy • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Hematological malignancy | Genetics of Hematological malignancy • Pharmacogenomics of Hematological malignancy • Proteomics of Hematological malignancy |
| Newstories on Hematological malignancy | Hematological malignancy in the news • Be alerted to news on Hematological malignancy • News trends on Hematological malignancy |
| Commentary on Hematological malignancy | Blogs on Hematological malignancy |
| Patient Resources on Hematological malignancy | Patient resources on Hematological malignancy • Discussion groups on Hematological malignancy • Patient Handouts on Hematological malignancy • Directions to Hospitals Treating Hematological malignancy • Risk calculators and risk factors for Hematological malignancy |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Hematological malignancy | Symptoms of Hematological malignancy • Causes & Risk Factors for Hematological malignancy • Diagnostic studies for Hematological malignancy • Treatment of Hematological malignancy |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Hematological malignancy | CME Programs on Hematological malignancy |
| International Resources on Hematological malignancy | Hematological malignancy en Espanol • Hematological malignancy en Francais |
| Business Resources on Hematological malignancy | Hematological malignancy in the Marketplace • Patents on Hematological malignancy |
| Informatics Resources on Hematological malignancy | List of terms related to Hematological malignancy |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
