Acute diarrhea epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

In the US:

• In 1998-1999, Center for Disease Control’s Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducted a random population-based telephonic survey. The estimated incidence of acute diarrhea was 1.6 episodes per person-year. 

International:

• The systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 estimated that there were 2.39 billion episodes of diarrhea for the year 2015, of which 957.5 million occurred in children younger than 5 years. PMCID: PMC5589208
• It also reported that from 2005 to 2015, diarrhea incidence decreased by 10·4% in children under-5 and by 5·9% among all ages and both rates of change were less than the declines in mortality rates. PMCID: PMC5589208

Prevalence

• In the US: Approximately 179 million cases of acute gastroenteritis including 47.8 million cases of food-borne illness, occur each year. PMID: 24738670 PMID: 22454468

Mortality rate

• In 2015, diarrhea were responsible for 1.31 million deaths across the globe. The mortality rate estimated for all ages was 17.8 deaths per 100 000 of population. PMCID: PMC5589208
• Global mortality rate for children (<5 years) in 2015 was 74·3 deaths per 100 000 of population and was slightly different between boys (74·1 deaths per 100 000) and girls (74·5 deaths per 100 000). PMCID: PMC5589208

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
• The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
• [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
• [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
• [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

Race

• In general there is no racial predilection to acute diarrhea.

Region

Morbidity and mortality from diarrhea differs by location.

• The highest rates of under-5 mortality due to diarrhea was noted in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, in particular in Chad (594 deaths per 100 000) and Niger (485 deaths per 100 000). However, due to their moderate-to-high burden and large populations, India (105 000 deaths, 90 000–122 000) and Nigeria (103 000 deaths, 73 000–136 000) combined had 42% of the 499 000 global under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea in 2015