Meningioma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 7: Line 7:
==Pathogenesis==
==Pathogenesis==
*Meningioma arises from the [[arachnoid]] "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>  
*Meningioma arises from the [[arachnoid]] "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>  
*The majority of meningiomas are [[benign]]; however, a minority of cases may develop a [[malignant]] nature.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*The majority of meningiomas are [[benign]]; however, a minority of cases may develop a [[malignant]] nature.
*The exact pathophysiology of meningioma depends on the histological subtype of the tumor.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*The exact pathophysiology of meningioma depends on the histological subtype of the tumor.
*Meningioma may be located either intradural or extradural along the central nervous system.<ref name="Wiki">Meningioma diagnosi. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#History_and_nomenclature Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="L">Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningioma may be located either intradural or extradural along the central nervous system.<ref name="L">Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningiomas are frequently found attached to the [[dura]] surrounding the brain tissue in several locations that include:<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningiomas are frequently found attached to the [[dura]] surrounding the brain tissue in several locations that include:<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
:* Frontaparietal region
:* Frontaparietal region
Line 23: Line 23:
:* Parafalcine region
:* Parafalcine region
*Meningiomas are commonly associated with [[neurofibromatosis type 2]] syndrome and [[Gorlin syndrome]].<ref name="liber">Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningiomas are commonly associated with [[neurofibromatosis type 2]] syndrome and [[Gorlin syndrome]].<ref name="liber">Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningiomas demonstrate [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]] sensitivity and may grow during pregnancy.<ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="liber">Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
*Meningiomas demonstrate [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]] sensitivity and may grow during pregnancy.<ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>


==Genetics==
==Genetics==

Revision as of 17:53, 1 October 2015

Meningioma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Meningioma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Meningioma pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Meningioma pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo and Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Meningioma pathophysiology

CDC on Meningioma pathophysiology

Meningioma pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Meningioma pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Meningioma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Meningioma pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Meningioma arises from the arachnoid "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the central nervous system by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the brain and spinal cord.[1][2][3] The majority of meningiomas are benign. Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations The majority of meningioma cases involve a deletion of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene located on chromosome 22. On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, whorled appearance, calcification, and psammoma bodies are characteristic findings of meningioma.[4]

Pathogenesis

  • Meningioma arises from the arachnoid "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the central nervous system by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the brain and spinal cord.[1]
  • The majority of meningiomas are benign; however, a minority of cases may develop a malignant nature.
  • The exact pathophysiology of meningioma depends on the histological subtype of the tumor.
  • Meningioma may be located either intradural or extradural along the central nervous system.[5]
  • Meningiomas are frequently found attached to the dura surrounding the brain tissue in several locations that include:[1]

Genetics

  • Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.[1]
  • The majority of meningioma cases involve a deletion of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene located on chromosome 22.[1]
  • Other genes involved in the pathogenesis of meningioma include:[1]

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.[1]


Gross pathology: Cut surface of a resected meningioma[6]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, whorled appearance, calcification, and psammoma bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.[4]
  • The table below differentiates between the three main groups of meningioma according to WHO histological classification:[2][3][4]
Grade Histologic features Image

Benign (Grade I) meningioma

Less then 4 mitosis/10 HPF, no atypia

Grade 1 Meningioma

Atypical (Grade II) meningioma

Brain invasion, 4 or more mitosis/10 HPF, necrosis, increased cell count, high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, increased nucleoli size, presence of sheeting

Grade 2 menigioma

Anaplastic (Grade III) meningioma

20 or more mitoses/10 HPF, histology may be similar to carcinoma or sarcoma

Grade 3 menigioma


  • Shown below is a series of microscopic images of different subtypes of meningioma:[4]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015
  2. 2.0 2.1 Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015
  5. Meningioma. Libre Pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview Accessed on September, 25th 2015
  6. Image courtesy of Dr Dharam Ramnani Radiopaedia(original file "here"). Creative Commons BY-SA-NC


Template:WikiDoc Sources