Xerostomia
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| Xerostomia Classification and external resources | |
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| SJÖGREN'S syndrome: Along with the symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. This woman has marked enlargement of the left parotid gland and slight enlargement of the right parotid gland. Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology | |
| ICD-10 | K11.7, R68.2 |
| ICD-9 | 527.7 |
| DiseasesDB | 17880 |
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WikiDoc Resources for Xerostomia | |
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Most recent articles on Xerostomia | |
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Evidence Based Medicine | |
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Clinical Trials | |
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Ongoing Trials on Xerostomia at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Xerostomia at Google
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Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Xerostomia
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Patient Resources / Community | |
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Patient resources on Xerostomia Discussion groups on Xerostomia Patient Handouts on Xerostomia Directions to Hospitals Treating Xerostomia Risk calculators and risk factors for Xerostomia
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Causes & Risk Factors for Xerostomia | |
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Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
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Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. Xerostomia is sometimes colloquially called pasties or cottonmouth.
Xerostomia can cause difficulty in speech and eating. It also leads to halitosis and a dramatic rise in the number of cavities, as the protective effect of saliva is no longer present, and can make the mucosa of the mouth more vulnerable to infection. Notably, a symptom of methamphetamine abuse usually called "meth mouth" is largely caused by xerostomia.
Causes
It may be a sign of an underlying disease, such as Sjögren's syndrome, poorly controlled diabetes, or Eaton-Lambert syndrome, but this is not always so.
Other causes of insufficient saliva include anxiety, medications, or alcohol, trauma to the salivary glands or their ducts or nerves, dehydration, excessive mouth breathing, previous radiation therapy, and also a natural result of aging. The vast majority of elderly individuals will suffer xerostomia to some degree. Playing or exercising a long time outside on a hot day will often cause your saliva glands to simply dry up as your bodily fluids are concentrated elsewhere. Drugs have also been known to cause this problem, such as cannabis, and DXM.
Complete Differential Diagnosis for Xerostomia
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
With parotid gland swelling
Without parotid gland swelling
- Advance age
- Alcoholism
- Antihistamines
- Antihypertensives
- Antiparkinsonian drugs
- Antispasmodics
- Atropine
- Bronchodilators
- Continuous vomiting
- Decongestants
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Diarrhea
- Diuretics
- Infections with high fever
- Lithium
- MAOIs
- Neuroleptics
- Psychogenic
- Radiation therapy
- Salivary gland surgery
- Tricyclic antidepressants
Treatment
Treatment involves finding any correctable causes and fixing those if possible. In many cases it is not possible to correct the xerostomia itself, and treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms and preventing cavities. Patients who have endured chemotherapy usually suffer from this post- treatment. Patients with xerostomia should avoid the use of decongestants and antihistamines, and pay careful attention to oral hygiene. Sipping sugarless fluids frequently, chewing xylitol-containing gum[3], and using a carboxymethyl cellulose saliva substitute as a mouthwash may help. Aquoral may be prescribed to treat xerostomia. Non-systemic relief can be found using an oxidized glycerol triesters treatment used to coat the mouth.
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
- ↑ Jensen JL, Langberg CW (1997): Temporary hyposalivation induced by radiation therapy in a child. Tidsskr Nor Loegeforen 21:3077-9
External links
- Oral Cancer Foundation
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- NIH
- Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation page on Dry Mouth
Symptoms and signs (R00-R69, 780-789) |
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| Circulatory and respiratory systems |
Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation - Heart murmur - Nosebleed - Hemoptysis - Cough - abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea, Orthopnoea, Stridor, Wheeze, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hyperventilation, Mouth breathing, Hiccup, Bradypnea, Hypoventilation) - Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Bruit |
| Digestive system and abdomen | Abdominal pain - Acute abdomen - Nausea - Vomiting - Heartburn - Dysphagia - Flatulence - Burping - Fecal incontinence - Encopresis - Hepatomegaly - Splenomegaly - Hepatosplenomegaly - Jaundice - Ascites - Fecal occult blood - Halitosis |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | disturbances of skin sensation (Hypoesthesia, Paresthesia, Hyperesthesia) - Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration |
| Nervous and musculoskeletal systems |
abnormal involuntary movements (Tremor, Spasm, Fasciculation, Athetosis) - Gait abnormality - lack of coordination (Ataxia, Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Hypotonia) - Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia |
| Urinary system | Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia |
| Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour |
Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) - Dizziness/Vertigo - smell and taste (Anosmia, Ageusia, Parosmia, Parageusia) |
| Speech and voice | speech disturbances (Dysphasia, Aphasia, Dysarthria) - symbolic dysfunctions (Dyslexia, Alexia, Agnosia, Apraxia, Acalculia, Agraphia) - voice disturbances (Dysphonia, Aphonia) |
| General symptoms and signs | Fever (Hyperpyrexia) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise - Fatigue - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema, Anasarca) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - food and fluid intake (Anorexia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing |
WikiDoc Research Resources for Xerostomia | |
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| Articles on Xerostomia | Most recent articles on Xerostomia • Most cited articles on Xerostomia • Review articles on Xerostomia • Articles on Xerostomia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Xerostomia | Powerpoint slides on Xerostomia • Images of Xerostomia • Photos of Xerostomia • Podcasts & MP3s on Xerostomia • Videos on Xerostomia |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Xerostomia | Cochrane Collaboration on Xerostomia • Bandolier on Xerostomia • TRIP on Xerostomia |
| Cost Effectiveness of Xerostomia | Cost Effectiveness of Xerostomia |
| Clinical Trials Involving Xerostomia | Ongoing Trials on Xerostomia at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Xerostomia • Clinical Trials on Xerostomia at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Xerostomia | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Xerostomia • NICE Guidance on Xerostomia • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Xerostomia • CDC on Xerostomia |
| Textbook Information on Xerostomia | Books and Textbook Information on Xerostomia |
| Pharmacology Resources on Xerostomia | Dosing of Xerostomia • Drug interactions with Xerostomia • Side effects of Xerostomia • Allergic reactions to Xerostomia • Overdose information on Xerostomia • Carcinogenicity information on Xerostomia • Xerostomia in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Xerostomia • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Xerostomia | Genetics of Xerostomia • Pharmacogenomics of Xerostomia • Proteomics of Xerostomia |
| Newstories on Xerostomia | Xerostomia in the news • Be alerted to news on Xerostomia • News trends on Xerostomia |
| Commentary on Xerostomia | Blogs on Xerostomia |
| Patient Resources on Xerostomia | Patient resources on Xerostomia • Discussion groups on Xerostomia • Patient Handouts on Xerostomia • Directions to Hospitals Treating Xerostomia • Risk calculators and risk factors for Xerostomia |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Xerostomia | Symptoms of Xerostomia • Causes & Risk Factors for Xerostomia • Diagnostic studies for Xerostomia • Treatment of Xerostomia |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Xerostomia | CME Programs on Xerostomia |
| International Resources on Xerostomia | Xerostomia en Espanol • Xerostomia en Francais |
| Business Resources on Xerostomia | Xerostomia in the Marketplace • Patents on Xerostomia |
| Informatics Resources on Xerostomia | List of terms related to Xerostomia |
da:Xerostomi
de:Mundtrockenheitnl:Xerostomiefi:Kserostomia
sv:Muntorrhet
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
