Thioredoxin reductase
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| Image:TrxR.png | |
| thioredoxin reductase 1
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | TXNRD1 |
| Entrez | 7296 |
| HUGO | 12437 |
| OMIM | 601112 |
| RefSeq | NM_003330 |
| UniProt | Q16881 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 12 q23-q24.1 |
| thioredoxin reductase 2
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | TXNRD2 |
| Entrez | 10587 |
| HUGO | 18155 |
| OMIM | 606448 |
| RefSeq | NM_006440 |
| UniProt | Q9NNW7 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 22 q11.21 |
| thioredoxin reductase 3
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | TXNRD3 |
| Entrez | 114112 |
| HUGO | 20667 |
| OMIM | 606235 |
| RefSeq | XM_051264 |
| UniProt | Q86VQ6 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 3 p13-q13.33 |
Thioredoxin Reductase (TR, TrxR) (EC 1.8.1.9) are the only known enzymes to reduce thioredoxin (Trx).[1]
Diversity
All known kingdom of organisms contain thioredoxin reductase. Two types of thioredoxin reductase evolved independently:
- prokaryotes, archaea and most plants have one type.
- higher eukaryotes and some plants contain a different one that contains selenocysteine.
Three TRs exist in animals: TR1, TR3, and TGR. Both TR1[1] and TR3[1] are essential proteins for mouse embryogenesis.
Clinical significance
Since the activity of this enzyme is essential for cell growth and survival, it is a good target for anti-tumor therapy.
For example, motexafin gadolinium (MGd) is a new chemotherapeutic agent that selectively targets tumor cells, leading to cell death and apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and ribonucleotide reductase.[1]
References
External links
Oxidoreductases: sulfur oxidoreductases (EC 1.8) |
|---|
| Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase - Glutathione reductase - Thioredoxin reductase - Sulfite oxidase |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
