The WikiDoc Living Textbook of Gastroenterology
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Click Here For A Complete Listing Of All Chapters In The Living Textbook Of Gastroenterology In Alphabetical Order
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Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive system, physiology: gastrointestinal physiology | |
|---|---|
| Enteric nervous system | Meissner's plexus - Auerbach's plexus |
| Exocrine | Chief cells (Pepsinogen) - Parietal cells (Gastric acid, Intrinsic factor) - Goblet cells (Mucus) |
| Endocrine/paracrine | G cells (gastrin), D cells (somatostatin) - ECL cells (Histamine) - enterogastrone: I cells (CCK), K cells (GIP), S cells (secretin) |
| Border | Brunner's glands - Paneth cells - Enterocytes |
| Fluids | Saliva - Bile - Intestinal juice - Gastric juice - Pancreatic juice |
| Processes | Swallowing - Vomiting - Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal) - Migrating motor complex - Borborygmus - Gastrocolic reflex - Segmentation contractions - Defecation |
Embryology
Disease States
Topics related to Crohn's disease | |
|---|---|
| Main | Inflammatory bowel disease · Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease · Treatment of Crohn's disease · Crohn's Disease Activity Index |
| Related terms | Abdominal pain · Anal abscess · Erythema nodosum · Fistula · Granuloma · Ileum · Ileitis · Malabsorption · Proctitis · Protein losing enteropathy · Pyoderma gangrenosum · Sacroiliitis · Short bowel syndrome · Small bowel obstruction · Stenosis |
| History | Giovanni Battista Morgagni · Burrill Bernard Crohn |
| Organizations | Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America · National Society for Colitis and Crohn's Disease |
| People | List of people diagnosed with Crohn's disease |
Nutritional pathology (E40-68, 260-269) | |
|---|---|
| Malnutrition | Kwashiorkor - Marasmus - Catabolysis |
| Avitaminosis | B vitamins: B1: Beriberi/Wernicke's encephalopathy, B2: Ariboflavinosis, B3: Pellagra, B6: Pyridoxine deficiency, B7: Biotin deficiency, B9: Folate deficiency, B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency other vitamins: A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots, C: Scurvy, D: Rickets/Osteomalacia |
| Mineral deficiency | Zinc deficiency - Iron deficiency - Magnesium deficiency - Chromium deficiency |
| Hyperalimentation | Obesity - Vitamin poisoning (Hypervitaminosis A, Hypervitaminosis D, Hypervitaminosis E) |
Health science - Medicine - Cystic diseases | |
|---|---|
| Respiratory system | Langerhans cell histiocytosis · Lymphangiomyomatosis · Cystic bronchiectasis |
| Skin | Adenoid cystic carcinoma |
| Musculoskeletal system | Cystic hygroma · Fibrocystic breast diseaese |
| Digestive system | Polycystic Liver Disease · Congenital hepatic fibrosis · Biliary hamartomas · Caroli disease · Choledochal cysts · Von Meyenburg complexes · Peliosis hepatis |
| Nervous system | Cystic leukoencephalopathy |
| Genitourinary system | Polycystic kidney disease · Medullary cystic kidney disease (Nephronophthisis) · Congenital cystic dysplasia |
| Other conditions | Hydatid cyst · Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome · Tuberous sclerosis |
Congenital Disease States
Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system (Q35-Q45, 749-751) | |
|---|---|
| Tongue, mouth and pharynx | Cleft lip and palate - Van der Woude syndrome - Ankyloglossia - Macroglossia - Pharyngeal pouch |
| Esophagus and upper alimentary tract | Esophageal atresia - Tracheoesophageal fistula - Esophageal web - Pyloric stenosis - Hiatus hernia |
| Intestines | Intestinal atresia (Duodenal atresia) - Imperforate anus - Meckel's diverticulum - Hirschsprung's disease - Intestinal malrotation - Persistent cloaca |
| Pancreas | Annular pancreas - Accessory pancreas - Pancreas divisum |
| Other | Choledochal cysts - Alagille syndrome |
| See also non-congenital (K20-K93, 530-579) | |
Pharmacotherapy
Drugs for acid related disorders: Antacids (A02A) | |
|---|---|
| Magnesium | Magnesium carbonate - Magnesium oxide - Magnesium peroxide - Magnesium hydroxide - Magnesium silicate |
| Aluminium | Aluminium hydroxide - Algeldrate - Aluminium phosphate - Dihydroxialumini sodium carbonate - Aluminium acetoacetate - Aloglutamol - Aluminium glycinate |
| Calcium | Calcium carbonate - Calcium silicate |
Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07) | |
|---|---|
| Intestinal anti-infectives | Antibiotics (Neomycin, Nystatin, Natamycin, Streptomycin, Polymyxin B, Paromomycin, Amphotericin B, Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Colistin, Rifaximin)
Sulfonamides (Phthalylsulfathiazole, Sulfaguanidine, Succinylsulfathiazole) other (Miconazole, Broxyquinoline, Acetarsol, Nifuroxazide, Nifurzide) |
| Intestinal adsorbents | Charcoal - Bismuth - Pectin - Kaolin - Crospovidone - Attapulgite - Diosmectite |
| Antipropulsives | Diphenoxylate - Opium - Loperamide - Difenoxin |
| Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents | corticosteroids acting locally (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Betamethasone, Tixocortol, Budesonide, Beclometasone)
antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids (Cromoglicic acid) aminosalicylic acid and similar agents (Sulfasalazine, Mesalazine, Olsalazine, Balsalazide) |
| Antidiarrheal micro-organisms | Saccharomyces boulardii |
| Other antidiarrheals | Albumin tannate - Ceratonia - Racecadotril |
Antiemetics and antinauseants (A04) | |
|---|---|
| Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists | Ondansetron • Granisetron • Tropisetron • Dolasetron • Palonosetron |
| Other | Scopolamine • Cerium oxalate • Chlorobutanol • Metopimazine • Cannabinoids (Dronabinol, Nabilone) • NK1 receptor antagonist (Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant) |
Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03) | |
|---|---|
| Drugs for functional bowel disorders | antimuscarinics: Mebeverine - Dicycloverine - Propantheline
papaverine and derivatives: Papaverine - Drotaverine - Moxaverine acting on serotonin receptors: 5-HT3 antagonists (Alosetron, Cilansetron) - 5HT4 agonists (Mosapride, Tegaserod) other: Diisopromine - Isometheptene - Phloroglucinol - Proglumide - Tridihexethyl |
| Belladonna and derivatives (antimuscarinics) | Atropine - Hyoscyamine - Butylscopolamine - Methylscopolamine |
| Propulsives | primarily dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide/Bromopride, Domperidone, Alizapride) - serotonin agonists (Cisapride) - Clebopride |
Drugs for acid related disorders: Drugs for peptic ulcer and GERD/GORD (A02B) | |
|---|---|
| H2 antagonists | Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine, Roxatidine |
| Prostaglandins/analogues | Misoprostol, Enprostil |
| Proton pump inhibitors | Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Tenatoprazole |
| Other | Carbenoxolone, Sucralfate, Pirenzepine |
Laxatives (A06) | |
|---|---|
| Softeners, emollients | Paraffin - Docusate sodium |
| Contact laxatives | Oxyphenisatine - Bisacodyl - Dantron - Phenolphthalein - Castor oil - Senna glycosides - Cascara - Sodium picosulfate - Bisoxatin |
| Bulk producers | Ispaghula - Ethulose - Sterculia - Linseed - Methylcellulose - Triticum - Polycarbophil calcium |
| Osmotically acting laxatives | Magnesium carbonate - Magnesium oxide - Magnesium peroxide - Magnesium sulfate - Lactulose - Lactitol - Sodium sulfate - Pentaerithrityl - Macrogol - Mannitol - Sodium phosphate - Sorbitol - Magnesium citrate - Sodium tartrate |
| Enemas | Sodium phosphate - Bisacodyl - Dantron - Glycerol - Oil - Sorbitol |
Mineral supplements (A12) | |
|---|---|
| Calcium | Calcium phosphate - Calcium glubionate - Calcium gluconate - Calcium carbonate - Calcium lactate - Calcium lactate gluconate - Calcium chloride - Calcium glycerylphosphate - Calcium citrate lysine complex - Calcium glucoheptonate - Calcium pangamate |
| Potassium | Potassium chloride - Potassium citrate - Potassium hydrogentartrate - Potassium hydrogencarbonate - Potassium gluconate |
| Sodium | Sodium chloride - Sodium sulfate |
| Zinc | Zinc sulfate - Zinc gluconate |
| Magnesium | Magnesium chloride - Magnesium sulfate - Magnesium gluconate - Magnesium citrate - Magnesium aspartate - Magnesium lactate - Magnesium levulinate - Magnesium pidolate - Magnesium orotate - Magnesium oxide |
| Fluoride | Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate |
| Selenium | Sodium selenate - Sodium selenite |
Other alimentary tract and metabolism products (A16) | |
|---|---|
| Amino acids and derivatives | Levocarnitine - Ademetionine - Levoglutamide - Mercaptamine - Carglumic acid - Betaine |
| Enzymes | Alglucerase - Imiglucerase - Agalsidase alfa - Agalsidase beta - Laronidase - Sacrosidase - Alglucosidase alfa - Galsulfase - Idursulfase |
| Various alimentary tract and metabolism products | Tioctic acid - Anethole trithione - Sodium phenylbutyrate - Nitisinone - Zinc acetate - Miglustat |
Stomatological preparations (A01) | |
|---|---|
| Caries prophylactic agents | Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate - Olaflur - Stannous fluoride |
| Anti-infectives and antiseptics | Hydrogen peroxide - Chlorhexidine - Amphotericin B - Polynoxylin - Domiphen - Oxyquinoline - Neomycin - Miconazole - Natamycin - Hexetidine - Tetracycline - Benzoxonium chloride - Tibezonium iodide - Mepartricin - Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Sodium perborate - Chlortetracycline - Doxycycline - Minocycline - Eugenol |
| Corticosteroids | Triamcinolone - Dexamethasone - Hydrocortisone |
| Other | Epinephrine/Adrenalone - Benzydamine - Acetylsalicylic acid - Amlexanox |
Surgery
Digestive system surgical and other procedures | |
|---|---|
| Digestive tract | esophagus: Esophagectomy
stomach: Gastrostomy (Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) - Gastrectomy - Gastric bypass surgery - Gastroenterostomy - Nissen fundoplication lower GI: Duodenal switch - Colectomy - Colostomy - Ileostomy - Appendicectomy endoscopy: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - Colonoscopy - Proctoscopy - Sigmoidoscopy |
| Accessory | liver: Hepatectomy - Liver transplantation - Artificial extracorporeal liver support (Liver dialysis, Bioartificial liver devices)
gallbladder/bile duct: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - Cholecystectomy pancreas: Pancreatectomy - Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Pancreas transplantation - Puestow procedure - Frey's procedure |
| Other | Herniorrhaphy - Laparotomy - Paracentesis |
| ||||
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
