The WikiDoc Living Textbook of Chiropractic

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Click Here For A Complete Listing Of All Chapters In The Living Textbook Of Chiropractic In Alphabetical Order (or go to our Sister site: WikiChiro for an even more detailed reference

Anatomy

v • d • e Nervous system
Central nervous system	Brain • Spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system	Sympathetic • Parasympathetic
Other	Peripheral nervous system • Somatic nervous system • Enteric nervous system • Sensory system

v • d • e Bones (Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN	vertebrae (cervical - thoracic - lumbar) - sacrum - coccyx
THORAX	sternum - rib
cranial bones of SKULL	occipital - parietal - frontal - temporal - sphenoid - ethmoid
facial bones of SKULL	nasal - maxilla - lacrimal - zygomatic - palatine - inferior nasal conchae - vomer - mandible - THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body)
UPPER EXTREMITY	SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle - scapula - ARM: humerus - ulna - radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid - lunate bone - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate) - metacarpals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
LOWER EXTREMITY	PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) - LEG: femur - patella - fibula - tibia - FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus - talus - navicular - cuneiform - cuboid ) - metatarsals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES	malleus - incus - stapes

v • d • e

Musculoskeletal system, connective tissue: bone and cartilage

perichondrium, fibrocartilage callus, metaphysis

cells (chondroblast, chondrocyte)

types (hyaline, elastic, fibrous)

ossification (intramembranous, endochondral, epiphyseal plate)

cycle (osteoblast, osteoid, osteocyte, osteoclast)

types (cancellous, cortical)

regions (epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis)

structure (osteon/Haversian system, Haversian canals, Volkmann's canals, endosteum, periosteum, Sharpey's fibres, enthesis, lacunae, canaliculi, trabeculae, medullary cavity, bone marrow)

shapes (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid)

v • d • e Bones of torso
Sternum	Suprasternal notch, Manubrium, Sternal angle, Body of sternum, Xiphisternal joint, Xiphoid process
Rib	specific ribs (1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, false - 8-12, floating - 11-12) - parts (Angle, Tubercle, Costal groove, Neck, Head)
General vertebral structures	body of vertebra, vertebral arch (pedicle, lamina, vertebral notch), foramina (vertebral, intervertebral), processes (transverse, articular / zygapophysis, spinous)
Cervical vertebrae	C1 (anterior arch, posterior arch, lateral mass), C2 (dens), C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 anterior tubercle, posterior tubercle, foramen transversarium
Thoracic vertebrae	T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12 costal facets (superior, inferior, transverse)
Lumbar vertebrae	accessory process, mammillary process, L5
Sacrum	pelvic surface (anterior sacral foramina), dorsal surface (posterior sacral foramina, median sacral crest, medial sacral crest, lateral sacral crest), lateral surface (sacral tuberosity), base, sacral hiatus - presacral space - sacral promontory - sacral canal - ala of sacrum - sacrovertebral angle

v • d • e Joints
Types	fibrous: Gomphosis - Suture - Syndesmosis cartilaginous: Synchondrosis - Symphysis synovial: Plane joint - 1° (Hinge joint, Pivot joint) - 2° (Condyloid joint, Saddle joint) - 3° (Ball and socket joint) by range of motion: Synarthrosis - Amphiarthrosis - Diarthrosis
Terminology	Kinesiology - Anatomical terms of motion - Agonist/Antagonist
Motions	general: Flexion/Extension - Adduction/Abduction - Internal rotation/External rotation - Elevation/Depression specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction - Supination/Pronation specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion - Eversion/Inversion
Components	Articular capsule (Synovial membrane, Fibrous membrane) - Synovial fluid - Bursa - Articular disk

Physiology

Disease States

v • d • e Dislocations/subluxations, sprains and strains (Sx3 where x=0 to 9, 830-848)
Neck (x=1)	Whiplash
Shoulder and upper arm (x=4)	Dislocated shoulder - Separated shoulder - SLAP tear
Hip and thigh (x=7)	Dislocation of hip - Pulled hamstring
Knee and lower leg (x=8)	Tear of meniscus - Anterior cruciate ligament injury - Unhappy triad - Shin splints
Ankle and foot (x=9)	Sprained ankle - Metatarsalphalangeal joint sprain

v • d • e Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains (S00-T14, 850-929)
Head (head injury) and neck	Black eye - Traumatic brain injury (Concussion, Diffuse axonal injury, Cerebral contusion, Epidural hematoma, Subdural hematoma, Subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Thorax (chest trauma)	Traumatic aortic rupture - Pneumothorax - Hemothorax - Hemopneumothorax - Pulmonary contusion - Cardiac tamponade - Commotio cordis
Abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis	Ruptured spleen
Shoulder and upper arm	Rotator cuff tear
General	Spinal cord injury - Brachial plexus lesion Abrasion - Blister - Bruise - Hematoma Wound - Bite

Congenital Disease States

v • d • e Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79, 754-756)
Limbs	hip: Dislocation of hip/Hip dysplasia - Upington disease feet (Club foot, Flat feet, Pes cavus) systemic dislocations Larsen syndrome head, face, spine and chest: skull, face and jaw (Dolichocephaly, Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Plagiocephaly) - spine Scoliosis - chest (Pectus excavatum, Pectus carinatum) any combination head, face, jaw, upper limb, lower limb, pelvis, dactyly Antley-Bixler syndrome - Schmitt Gillenwater Kelly syndrome dactyly Polydactyly/Syndactyly (Webbed toes) - Cenani Lenz syndactylism reduction deficits (Acheiropodia, Amelia, Ectrodactyly, Phocomelia) upper limb (Cleidocranial dysostosis, Madelung's deformity, Sprengel's deformity, Wallis Zieff Goldblatt syndrome) knee (Genu valgum, Genu varum) other Arthrogryposis
Skull and facial bones	Carpenter syndrome - Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia - Craniosynostosis (Scaphocephaly) - Crouzon syndrome - Hypertelorism - Macrocephaly - Oxycephaly - Platybasia - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome - Treacher Collins syndrome - Trigonocephaly
Spine and bony thorax	Klippel-Feil syndrome - Spondylolisthesis - Cervical rib - Bifid rib
Osteochondrodysplasia	developement of cartilage, tubular bones and spine: Achondrogenesis/Hypochondrogenesis - Boomerang dysplasia - Thanatophoric dysplasia - Short rib-polydactyly syndrome - Chondrodysplasia punctata (Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, Conradi-Hünermann syndrome), Achondroplasia (Hypochondroplasia, Osteosclerosis congenita) - Ellis-van Creveld syndrome - Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita - Osteogenesis imperfecta - McCune-Albright syndrome - Osteopetrosis - Metaphyseal dysplasia - Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia - Hereditary multiple exostoses - Osteopoikilosis - Chondrodystrophy - Osteodystrophy - Atelosteogenesis, type II - Diastrophic dysplasia
Other	abdominal wall (Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Omphalocele, Gastroschisis, Prune belly syndrome) - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
See also non-congenital conditions (M, 710-739)

Therapeutic Modalities

v • d • e

Chiropractic - Treatment Methods > CMT Techniques

Activator Methods• Active Release Technique• Advanced BioStructural Correction • Applied Kinesiology • Atlas Orthogonal• Auriculotherapy• Auricular• Barge Analysis• Bio Magnetic• Bio-Energetic Synchronization• Bio-Geometric Integration• Biomechanics• Blair• Body Restoration Technique• Carver Technique• Cervical Care• Cervical Drop• Chiropractic Biophysics• Clinical Kinesiology• Concept Therapy• Contact Reflex Analysis• Cox• Craniosacral Therapy• Directional Non-Force• Diversified• FAKTR-PM • Flexion-Distraction• Gonstead• Graston• Grostic• Hole in one (HIO)• Kale• Leander• Logan Basic• Manipulation Under Anesthesia• Manual Adjusting• Meric• Motion Palpation• Network• Neural Organization Technique• Neuro Emotional Technique• Neuro Muscular Technique• Neuro Vascular Technique• Nimmo• Palmer Package• Pettibon• Pierce• Pierce Stillwagon• Pro-Adjuster• Receptor Tonus• Sacral Occipital Technique• Soft Tissue Orthopedics• Spinal Biomechanics• Spinal Biomedical Engineering• Spinal Biophysics• Thompson• Thompson Terminal Point• Toftness• Toggle Recoil• Torque Release• Total Body Modification• Traction• Upper Cervical• Vector Point Therapy• Versendaal•

v • d • e

Physiotherapeutic methods > PT Modalities

Acupuncture• Acupoint Therapy• Auriculotherapy• Anatomotor• Cranial electrical stimulation• Cryotherapy• Decompression Therapy• Electrical Stimulation (High voltage) • (Interferential) • (Low voltage) • (Micro current) • (Russian Stim) • Electrophoresis • Hydrocollator• Infrared Light • Intersegmental traction • Massage therapy • Microwave Diathermy • Orthotics/Prosthetics • Phonophoresis • Pulsed Magnetic Therapy• Reiki• Rolfing• Scenar therapy• Shiatsu• Short wave diathermy • Spinalator• Taping methods • Therapeutic Ultrasound • Traction • Trigger-point therapy• Ultraviolet light •

Natural Therapeutic Agents

v • d • e Dietary supplements
Types	Amino acids • Bodybuilding supplement • Energy drink • Energy bar • Fatty acids • Herbal Supplements • Minerals • Prebiotics • Probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) • Vitamins
Vitamins and "minerals" (chemical elements)	Retinol (Vitamin A) • B vitamins: Thiamine (B₁) • Riboflavin (B₂) • Niacin (B₃) • Pantothenic acid (B₅) • Pyridoxine (B₆) • Biotin (B₇) • Folic acid (B₉) • Cyanocobalamin (B₁₂) • Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) • Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) • Tocopherol (Vitamin E) • Naphthoquinone (Vitamin K) • Calcium • Choline • Chlorine • Chromium • Cobalt • Copper • Fluorine • Iodine • Iron • Magnesium • Manganese • Molybdenum • Phosphorus • Potassium • Selenium • Sodium • Sulfur • Zinc
Other common ingredients	AAKG • Carnitine • Chondroitin sulfate • Cod liver oil • Copper gluconate • Creatine/Creatine supplements • Dietary fiber • Echinacea • Elemental calcium • Ephedra • Fish oil • Folic acid • Ginseng • Glucosamine • Glutamine • Grape seed extract • Iron supplements • Japanese Honeysuckle • Krill oil • Lingzhi • Linseed oil • Milk thistle • Melatonin • Red yeast rice • Royal jelly • Saw palmetto • Spirulina • St John's wort • Taurine • Wheatgrass • Wolfberry • Yohimbine • Zinc gluconate
Related articles	Codex Alimentarius • Enzyte • Metabolife • Hadacol • Nutraceutical • Multivitamin • Nutrition

v • d • e Vitamins (A11)
Fat soluble	A: Retinol - Beta-carotene - Tretinoin - Alpha-carotene D: 7-Dehydrocholesterol → Previtamin D3 → Cholecalciferol (D3) → Calcidiol → Calcitriol (active form) → Calcitroic acid; Ergosterol → Ergocalciferol (D2); (analogues: Dihydrotachysterol, Calcipotriol, Tacalcitol) E: Tocopherol - Tocotrienol K: Naphthoquinone - Phylloquinone/K1 - Menatetrenone/K2
Water soluble: B vitamins	B₁ (Thiamine, Sulbutiamine, Benfotiamine) - B₂ (Riboflavin) - B₃ (Niacin, Nicotinamide) - B₅ (Pantothenic acid, Dexpanthenol, Pantethine) - B₆ (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal phosphate) - B₇ (Biotin) - B₉ (Folic acid) - B₁₂ (Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, Cobamamide)
Water soluble: other	C (Ascorbic acid) - Choline
see also enzyme cofactors

Template:Neutriceutical agents

v • d • e Medicinal herbs and fungi
Herbs	Cannabis · Za'atar · Caraway · Cardamom · Ginger · Ginseng · Rooibos
Regional practices	Chinese herbology · Japanese herbology · Indian herbology · Islamic herbology
Related subjects	Alternative medicine · Herbal tea · Homeopathy · Herbalism · List of plants used as medicine

Template:Herbal products

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