Reconstructive surgery
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Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2]
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Overview
Reconstructive surgery is in its broadest sense the use of surgery to restore the form and function of the body.
Although plastic surgery and plastic surgeons are involved in many aspects of reconstructive surgery, there are other branches of surgery that also perform reconstructive procedures. For example, orthopedic surgeons, reconstruct the hip and other joints, repair tendons such as those in the rotator cuff and perform osteotomies to straighten angulated bones. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons and Otolaryngologists do reconstructive surgery on faces after trauma and to reconstruct the head and neck after cancer.
Other branches of surgery (e.g. General surgery, gynecological surgery, pediatric surgery) also perform some reconstructive procedures. The common feature is that the operation attempts to restore the anatomy or the function of the body part to normal.
Reconstructive plastic surgeons use the concept of a reconstructive ladder to manage increasingly complex wounds. This ranges from very simple techniques such as primary closure and dressings to more complex skin grafts, tissue expansion and free flaps.
Plastic surgery | |
|---|---|
| Techniques | |
| Common procedures | |
| Cosmetic surgery | Abdominal etching • Abdominoplasty • Blepharoplasty• Mammoplasty (Breast augmentation • Breast reduction • Breast lift) • Buttock Augmentation • Chemical peel • Labiaplasty • Rhinoplasty • Otoplasty • Rhytidectomy • Suction-Assisted Lipectomy • Chin augmentation • Cheek augmentation • Collagen / fat / hyaluronic acid and other tissue filler injections • Laser skin resurfacing |
| Sub-specialties | Craniofacial surgery • Hand surgery • Microsurgery • Cosmetic surgery • Pediatric plastic surgery • Burn surgery |
| Common functional impairments treated | Burns • Traumatic injuries (e.g. facial bone fractures • Congenital abnormalities (e.g. Cleft palate) • Developmental abnormalities • Infection or Disease • Removal of cancers or tumors (e.g. mastectomy for a breast cancer) |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
