Pseudomembranous colitis

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Antibiotic-associated colitis; colitis - pseudomembranous; necrotizing colitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pseudomembranous Colitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters


v • d • e
Infectious diseases · Bacterial diseases: G- (primarily A00-A79, 001-041,080-109)
Spirochaete
Treponema Treponema pallidum (Syphilis/Bejel, Yaws) · Treponema carateum (Pinta)
Borrelia Borrelia recurrentis (Relapsing fever) · Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease, Erythema chronicum migrans, Neuroborreliosis)
Spirillum Spirillum minus (Rat-bite fever/Sodoku)
Leptospira Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis)
Multiple Noma · Trench mouth
Proteobacteria
α
Rickettsiales
Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)
Typhus Rickettsia typhi (Murine typhus) · Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus)
Spotted fever
Tick-borne disease Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) · Rickettsia conorii (Boutonneuse fever)
Other Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox) · Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus)
Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichia/Anaplasma: Ehrlichiosis (Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis)
Rhizobiales
Brucellaceae Brucella (Brucellosis)
Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch fever) · Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) · either henselae or quintana (Bacillary angiomatosis)
β
Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
M- Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus (Gonorrhea) · Moraxella catarrhalis
Burkholderiales Burkholderia (Glanders, Melioidosis) · Bordetella (Pertussis)
γ
Enterobacteriales
(OX-)
Lac+ Klebsiella (Rhinoscleroma, Donovanosis) · Escherichia coli/O157:H7 · Enterobacter
Slow/weak Serratia marcescens (Serratia infection) · Citrobacter
Lac- Yersinia pestis (Plague/Bubonic plague) · Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella enterica (Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis) · Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri (Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery) · Proteus
Pasteurellales Haemophilus: influenzae (Brazilian purpuric fever) · ducreyi (Chancroid)
Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurellosis) · Actinobacillus (Actinobacillosis)
Legionellales Legionella (Legionellosis) · Coxiella (Q fever)
Other Thiotrichales/Francisella (Tularemia) · Vibrionales/Vibrio (Cholera) · Pseudomonadales/Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas infection)
ε
Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacteriosis) · Helicobacter pylori (Peptic ulcer)
ChlamydiaeChlamydophila (Psittacosis) · Chlamydia (Chlamydia, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Trachoma)
BacteroidetesBacteroides fragilis
Primarily rods except Neisseriaceae and Spirochaete. Primarily OX+ except Enterobacteriaceae. Primarily extracellular except Rickettsiales/Chlamydia/Treponema (obligate) and Brucella/Listeria/Legionella (facultative). Primarily aerobic or facultative anaerobic except Bacteroides.
v • d • e
Digestive system - Digestive disease - Gastroenterology (primarily K20-K93, 530-579)
Upper GI tract
Esophagus Esophagitis (Candidal) - Boerhaave syndrome - UES (Zenker's diverticulum) - LES (Barrett's esophagus, Mallory-Weiss syndrome) - Esophageal motility disorder (Nutcracker esophagus, Achalasia, Diffuse esophageal spasm, GERD) - Esophageal stricture
Stomach Peptic (gastric) ulcer - Gastritis (Atrophic, Ménétrier's disease) - Gastroenteritis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy - Gastric antral vascular ectasia - Gastric dumping syndrome
Intestinal
Duodenum/ileum Peptic (duodenal) ulcer - Duodenitis - Ileitis
Enteritis & colitis/
enterocolitis		 noninfective: IBD (Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis
infective: Pseudomembranous colitis
Vascular Abdominal angina - Mesenteric ischemia - Ischemic colitis - Angiodysplasia
Malabsorption Coeliac - Tropical sprue - Blind loop syndrome - Whipple's - Short bowel syndrome - Steatorrhea
Motility/
functional		 Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Constipation - Diarrhea
Functional colonic disease (IBS, Intestinal pseudoobstruction/Ogilvie syndrome)
Rectum/anus Proctalgia fugax - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis)
Other Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - Megacolon/Toxic megacolon - Appendicitis
Accessory
Liver/hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - autoimmune (PBC, Autoimmune hepatitis) - Liver abscess - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome
Gallbladder Gallstones - common bile duct (Choledocholithiasis, Biliary dyskinesia) - Cholecystitis - Cholesterolosis - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses - Postcholecystectomy syndrome
Biliary tree Cholangitis (PSC, Ascending) - Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome - Biliary fistula
Pancreatic Pancreatitis (Acute, Chronic, Hereditary) - Pancreatic pseudocyst - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency - Pancreatic fistula
HerniaDiaphragmatic: Congenital diaphragmatic - Hiatus

Abdominal hernia: Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Umbilical - Incisional - Femoral

Obturator hernia
PeritonealPeritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) - Hemoperitoneum - Pneumoperitoneum
GI bleedingUpper (Hematemesis, Melena) - Lower (Hematochezia)
See also congenital, neoplasia

de:Antibiotikaassoziierte Kolitishr:Pseudomembranozni kolitis nl:Pseudomembraneuze colitis no:Pseudomembranøs kolitt

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