Nicotinic antagonist

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic which inhibits the action at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds are mainly used for peripheral muscle paralysis in surgery, but some centrally acting compounds such as mecamylamine and 18-methoxycoronaridine block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and can be used for treating drug addiction.

Comparison
Mechanism	Antagonist	Preferred receptor	Clinical use
Ganglionic blocking agents	Hexamethonium	Ganglion type	none^[1]
	Mecamylamine	Ganglion type
	Trimethaphan	Ganglion type	Rarely used for blood pressure decrease during surgery^[1]
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents	Atracurium	Muscle type	muscle relaxant in anaesthesia^[1]
	Doxacurium	Muscle type
	Mivacurium	Muscle type
	Pancuronium	Muscle type	muscle relaxant in anaesthesia^[1]
	Tubocurarine	Muscle type	Rarely used ^[1]
	Vecuronium	Muscle type	muscle relaxant in anaesthesia^[1]
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents	Succinylcholine	Muscle type
Centrally acting nicotinic antagonists	18-Methoxycoronaridine	α3β4

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 149

External links

MeSH Nicotinic+antagonists

v • d • e

Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03)

Sympatholytic agents

Centrally acting/antiadrenergics	α2 agonist (Clonidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa) imidazoline receptor agonist (Moxonidine, Rilmenidine) adrenergic uptake inhibitor (Rescinnamine, Reserpine)
Ganglion-blocking/nicotinic antagonist	Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan
Peripherally acting/antiadrenergics	Alpha blockers: Prazosin • Indoramin • Trimazosin • Doxazosin • Urapidil Guanidine derivatives: Betanidine • Guanethidine • Guanoxan • Debrisoquine • Guanoclor • Guanazodine • Guanoxabenz

Vasodilators

Diazoxide • hydrazinophthalazine (Hydralazine, Dihydralazine, Endralazine, Cadralazine) • Minoxidil • Nitroprusside • Phentolamine

Other antihypertensives

serotonin antagonist (Ketanserin) • endothelin receptor antagonist (Bosentan, Ambrisentan, Sitaxsentan) • MAOI (Pargyline) • THI (Metirosine)

Diuretics

Low ceiling

Thiazides	Bendroflumethiazide • Hydroflumethiazide • Hydrochlorothiazide • Chlorothiazide • Polythiazide • Trichlormethiazide • Cyclopenthiazide • Methyclothiazide • Cyclothiazide • Mebutizide
Sulfonamides	Quinethazone • Clopamide • Chlortalidone • Mefruside • Clofenamide • Metolazone • Meticrane • Xipamide • Indapamide • Clorexolone • Fenquizone
Other	Mersalyl • Theobromine • Cicletanine

High ceiling

Loop diuretic (Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide)

Potassium-sparing

ESC blockers (Amiloride, Triamterene) • aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Potassium canrenoate, Canrenone)

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v • d • e

Skeletal Muscle relaxants (M03)

Peripherally acting
(primarily antinicotinic,
neuromuscular-blocking drugs)

Curare Alkaloids (Non-Depolarising)	Alcuronium, Dimethyltubocurarine, Tubocurarine
quaternary ammonium compounds (Non-Depolarising)	Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Doxacurium chloride, Fazadinium bromide, Gallamine, Hexafluronium, Metocurine, Mivacurium chloride, Pancuronium, Pipecuronium bromide, Rocuronium bromide,Vecuronium
Choline Derivatives (Depolarising)	Suxamethonium, Succinylcholine
Other	Botulinum toxin

Centrally Acting

Carbamic acid esters	Carisoprodol, Febarbamate, Meprobamate, Methocarbamol, Phenprobamate, Styramate, Tybamate
Benzodiazepines	Diazepam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, Tetrazepam
Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Cyclobenzaprine, Orphenadrine, Trazadone
Other	Baclofen, Chlormezanone, Chlorzoxazone, Donepezil, Mephenesin, Mephenoxalone, Phenyramidol, Pridinol, Quinine, Thiocolchicoside, Tizanidine, Tolperisone

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v • d • e Receptor agonists, antagonists, and reuptake inhibitors
BA/M: 5-HT (serotonin) receptor	Serotonin receptor agonist • Serotonin antagonist (5-HT₃) • Serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
BA/M: Dopamine receptor	Dopamine agonist • Dopamine antagonist • Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
BA/M: Adrenergic receptor	Adrenergic agonist (Alpha, Beta₂) • Adrenergic antagonist (Alpha, Beta) • Adrenergic uptake inhibitor
BA/M: Histamine receptor	Histamine agonist • Histamine antagonist (H₁, H₂)
Acetylcholine receptor	Cholinergic (Muscarinic, Nicotinic) • Anticholinergic (Muscarinic, Nicotinic) • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
AA: GABA receptor	GABA agonist • GABA antagonist
AA: Glutamate receptor	NMDA receptor (NMDA receptor antagonist)