Middle cerebral artery

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Artery: Middle cerebral artery
Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery.)
The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. The middle cerebral arteries (top of figure) arise from the internal carotid arteries.
Latin	arteria cerebri media
Gray's	subject #146 572
Supplies	cerebrum
Source	internal carotid arteries
Branches	anterolateral central arteries
Vein	middle cerebral vein
Dorlands / Elsevier	a_61/12153812

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Overview

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the brain. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices.

The MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis.^[1]

Areas supplied

Areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery include:

1. The bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere. Exceptions are the superior inch of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe and the inferior part of the temporal lobe and the occipital pole, which are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
2. Part of the internal capsule and basal ganglia.

Occlusion

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery may result in the following defects:

1. Paralysis of the contralateral face and arm.
2. Sensory loss in the contralateral face and arm.
3. Aphasia (e.g. Broca's, Wernicke's, conduction, and anomic types) when the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere for right handed individuals) is affected
4. Contralateral neglect syndrome with damage to the right hemisphere
5. Homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia.

Additional images

The arteries of the base of the brain.

Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries.

Location of the cerebral cortex

Reference

1. ↑ Moore KL, Dalley AR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 4th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Toronto. Copyright 1999. ISBN 0-683-06141-0.

External link

• MedEd at Loyola Neuro/neurovasc/navigation/mca.htm
• SUNY Labs 28:09-0215
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 13048.000-1
• Blood supply at neuropat.dote.hu

v • d • e List of arteries of head and neck
CC/EC	sup. thyroid superior laryngeal - sternocleidomastoid branch - infrahyoid branch - cricothyroid branch - glandular branches asc. pharyngeal posterior meningeal - pharyngeal branches - inferior tympanic lingual suprahyoid - dorsal lingual - deep lingual - sublingual facial cervical branches (ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular) - facial branches (inferior labial, superior labial/nasal septum, lateral nasal, angular) occipital sternocleidomastoid - meningeal - occipital - auricular - descending post. auricular stylomastoid - stapedial - auricular - occipital sup. temporal transverse facial - middle temporal (zygomatico-orbital) - anterior auricular - frontal - parietal maxillary 1st part/mandibular: anterior tympanic - deep auricular - middle meningeal (superior tympanic, petrosal) - accessory meningeal - inferior alveolar (mental, mylohyoid) 2nd part/pterygoid: to muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric) - buccal 3rd part/pterygopalatine: posterior superior alveolar - infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar) - descending palatine (greater palatine, lesser palatine) - artery of the pterygoid canal - sphenopalatine (posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal)
CC/IC	cervical carotid sinus petrous Vidian - caroticotympanic cavernous/ ophthalmic orbital group: posterior ethmoidal - anterior ethmoidal (anterior septal, anterior lateral nasal, anterior meningeal) - lacrimal (lateral palpebral) - medial palpebral - terminal (supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal) ocular group: central retinal - ciliary (short posterior, long posterior, anterior) - hypophysial (superior, inferior) cerebral/Willis ACA (anterior communicating) - MCA (anterolateral central, lenticulostriate) - posterior communicating - anterior choroidal
SC	vertebral artery meningeal - spinal (posterior, anterior) - cerebellar (PICA) basilar: pontine - labyrinthine - cerebellar (AICA, SCA) - cerebral (PCA) thyrocervical trunk inferior thyroid: inferior laryngeal - tracheal - esophageal - ascending cervical - pharyngeal - glandular branches transverse cervical: superficial branch - deep branch/dorsal scapular suprascapular: acromial branch costocervical trunk deep cervical

de:Arteria cerebri media

no:Arteria cerebri media ja:中大脳動脈

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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .