Inositol triphosphate
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| Inositol triphosphate | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C6H15O15P3 |
| Molar mass | 420.096 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
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Overview
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP3 or IP3), together with diacylglycerol, is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C.
Mechanism
IP3 binds to and activates the InsP3 receptor on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) opens a calcium channel, resulting in the release of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm.[1] This increase in Ca2+ activates the ryanodine receptor-operated channel on the SR, leading to a further increase in the Ca2+.
Function
Human
Its main functions are to mobilize Ca2+ from storage organelles and to regulate cell proliferation and other cellular reactions.
In smooth muscle cells, for example, the increase in calcium concentration cell results in contraction of the muscle cell.[2]. For further reading of Ca2+-mediated functions, see functions of calcium in humans.
Fruit fly
For example, in the fruit fly Drosophila, InsP3 is used for intracellular transduction of light recognition in eye cells.
See also
- inositol
- inositol phosphate
- myo-inositol
- inositol pentakisphosphate
- inositol hexaphosphate
- inositol triphosphate receptor
External links
References
- ↑ Ferris CD, Snyder SH. IP3 receptors. Ligand-activated calcium channels in multiple forms. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1992;26:95-107. PMID 1329896
- ↑ Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Signal transduction and regulation in smooth muscle. Nature. 1994 Nov 17;372(6503):231-6. PMID 7969467
Cell signaling: lipid signaling |
|---|
| Phospholipase - PIP2 - DAG - IP3 - IP3 receptor |
Cell signaling: calcium signaling | |
|---|---|
| Second messengers | IP3 - NAADP - cADPR |
| Intracellular calcium store gates | IP3 receptor - Ryanodine receptor - putative NAADP receptor |
| Calcium pumps and exchangers | SERCA - Na/Ca antiport - Ca/H antiport |
| calcium binding protein domains | EF hand domain - C2 domain |
| Calcium based molecular switches, and kinases | Troponin C - CaM - CaM kinases - PKC - NCS |
| Intracellular calcium chelators (calcium buffers) and calcium sensors | Calbindin - S100 - pervalbumin - Calretinin - Calsequestrin - Sarcalumenin - Phospholamban - Synaptotagmins |
| Calcium dependent proteases | Calpain |
| Calcium dependent cytoskeleton remodeling proteins | Gelsolin |
| Cell membrane calcium channels | VDCC - TRP - NMDA receptor - AMPA receptor - 5-HT3 receptor - P2X Receptor |
| Calcium regulated chaperones | calreticulin - calnexin |
| Calcium based adhesion molecules | Cadherin |
| Calcium homeostasis | Parathyroid hormone - Calcitonin - calcium receptor - vitamin D |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
