Tongue cancer classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue. | There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Approximately any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue. Statistically, carcinomas of the [[breast]] and malignancies of the [[lung]], [[kidney]], and [[adrenal gland]] are the most common malignancies which can metastasize to the tongue. | There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Approximately any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue. Statistically, carcinomas of the [[breast]] and malignancies of the [[lung]], [[kidney]], and [[adrenal gland]] are the most common malignancies which can [[Metastasis|metastasize]] to the [[tongue]].<ref name="pmid4992864">{{cite journal| author=| title=Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the oral cavity. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 1968 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages= 163-6 | pmid=4992864 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4992864 }}</ref> | ||
*Squamous cell carcinoma | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma clinical features|Squamous cell carcinoma]] | ||
**More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue. Oral mucosal melanomas to the tongue are rare relative to other oral cavity sites such as the alveolar gingivae, [[palate]], and lips. The two most prominent variants of oral squamous cell carcinomas that may be present are [[verrucous carcinoma]] and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. | **More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of [[Minor salivary gland cancer|minor salivary gland]] origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue. | ||
*Verrucous carcinoma | **Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal melanomas]] to the tongue are rare relative to other [[oral cavity]] sites such as the alveolar gingivae, [[palate]], and lips. | ||
**Verrucous cell carcinomas is a unique form of squamous cell carcinoma related to [[human papillomavirus]] ([[HPV]]) infection. In the early phases of its growth, the tumor may be asymptomatic and subclinical as a verruciform growth phase that lasts several years. In other patients, the lesion may appear suddenly or as a slowly growing lesion that has a rapid and sudden growth phase. | **The two most prominent variants of oral squamous cell carcinomas that may be present are [[verrucous carcinoma]] and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. | ||
*[[Verrucous carcinoma]] | |||
**[[Verrucous carcinoma|Verrucous]] cell carcinomas is a unique form of squamous cell carcinoma related to [[human papillomavirus]] ([[HPV]]) infection. In the early phases of its growth, the tumor may be asymptomatic and subclinical as a verruciform growth phase that lasts several years. In other patients, the lesion may appear suddenly or as a slowly growing lesion that has a rapid and sudden growth phase. | |||
*Sarcomatoid [[squamous cell carcinoma]] | *Sarcomatoid [[squamous cell carcinoma]] | ||
**Sarcomatoid carcinomas are also referred to as pseudosarcomatous [[squamous cell carcinoma]], pseudosarcoma, metaplastic carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, and the spindle variant of [[epidermoid carcinoma]]. The histogenesis of these [[tumors]] is not clear. The tumor manifests as a polypoid, rapidly growing, polypoid, and bulky mass, often in a site exposed to | **Sarcomatoid carcinomas are also referred to as pseudosarcomatous [[squamous cell carcinoma]], pseudosarcoma, [[Metaplasticity|metaplastic]] carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, and the spindle variant of [[epidermoid carcinoma]]. The histogenesis of these [[tumors]] is not clear. | ||
**The tumor manifests as a polypoid, rapidly growing, polypoid, and bulky mass, often in a site exposed to before [[irradiation]]. | |||
*Nonsquamous cell carcinoma | *Nonsquamous cell carcinoma | ||
**Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. Malignancies of salivary gland origin may also occur, with [[mucoepidermoid]] [[carcinomas]] and adenoid cystic [[carcinomas]] predominating in histological subtypes. Relative to the [[palate]], minor [[salivary gland]] malignancies of the tongue are rare.<ref name="pmid18667978">{{cite journal| author=Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP| title=Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review. | journal=Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal | year= 2008 | volume= 13 | issue= 8 | pages= E475-8 | pmid=18667978 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18667978 }} </ref> | **Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. Malignancies of [[salivary gland]] origin may also occur, with [[mucoepidermoid]] [[carcinomas]] and [[Adenoid cystic cancer|adenoid cystic]] [[carcinomas]] predominating in histological subtypes. Relative to the [[palate]], minor [[salivary gland]] malignancies of the tongue are rare.<ref name="pmid18667978">{{cite journal| author=Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP| title=Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review. | journal=Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal | year= 2008 | volume= 13 | issue= 8 | pages= E475-8 | pmid=18667978 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18667978 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:59, 3 December 2017
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Tongue cancer Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Tongue cancer classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tongue cancer classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tongue cancer classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. Melanomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas rarely occur in the tongue.
Classification
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Approximately any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue. Statistically, carcinomas of the breast and malignancies of the lung, kidney, and adrenal gland are the most common malignancies which can metastasize to the tongue.[1]
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. Melanomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas rarely occur in the tongue.
- Oral mucosal melanomas to the tongue are rare relative to other oral cavity sites such as the alveolar gingivae, palate, and lips.
- The two most prominent variants of oral squamous cell carcinomas that may be present are verrucous carcinoma and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.
- Verrucous carcinoma
- Verrucous cell carcinomas is a unique form of squamous cell carcinoma related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In the early phases of its growth, the tumor may be asymptomatic and subclinical as a verruciform growth phase that lasts several years. In other patients, the lesion may appear suddenly or as a slowly growing lesion that has a rapid and sudden growth phase.
- Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma
- Sarcomatoid carcinomas are also referred to as pseudosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, pseudosarcoma, metaplastic carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, and the spindle variant of epidermoid carcinoma. The histogenesis of these tumors is not clear.
- The tumor manifests as a polypoid, rapidly growing, polypoid, and bulky mass, often in a site exposed to before irradiation.
- Nonsquamous cell carcinoma
- Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. Malignancies of salivary gland origin may also occur, with mucoepidermoid carcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas predominating in histological subtypes. Relative to the palate, minor salivary gland malignancies of the tongue are rare.[2]
References
- ↑ "Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the oral cavity". CA Cancer J Clin. 18 (3): 163–6. 1968. PMID 4992864.
- ↑ Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP (2008). "Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review". Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 13 (8): E475–8. PMID 18667978.