The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Difference between revisions

	Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters
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Cardioversion Overview Electrical Cardioversion Pharmacological Cardioversion
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Latest revision as of 16:15, 11 October 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Any recommendations found on these pages are for education use only. WikiDoc is not a substitute for a licensed healthcare provider. Please see the disclaimers page for important information regarding limitations of the information found here. In suggesting edits to the guidelines, WikiDoc suggests that the following classification scheme be used. Read more about the classification scheme used by the ACC / AHA Guidelines Committee here.

Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Class I

View the Current Guidelines

Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines

Make your voice heard: Vote to upgrade, downgrade or keep a recommendation the same

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox_Disease |
+{{Atrial fibrillation}}
-  Name           = Atrial fibrillation |
-  Image          = |
-  Caption        = |
-  DiseasesDB     = 1065 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|I|48||i|30}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|427.31}} |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = 000184 |
-  eMedicineSubj  = med |
-  eMedicineTopic = 184 |
-  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|46}} |
-}}
 {{CMG}}
@@ Line 19: / Line 6: @@
 Any recommendations found on these pages are for education use only. WikiDoc is not a substitute for a licensed healthcare provider. Please see the [[wikidoc:General disclaimer|disclaimers]] page for important information regarding limitations of the information found here. In suggesting edits to the guidelines, WikiDoc suggests that the following classification scheme be used. [[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme|Read more about the classification scheme used by the ACC / AHA Guidelines Committee here]].
 __NOTOC__
-==Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation rate control|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_rate_control_during_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 33: / Line 20: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation rate control|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_rate_control_during_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 43: / Line 30: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation rate control|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_rate_control_during_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 53: / Line 40: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation rate control|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_rate_control_during_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 61: / Line 48: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Preventing Thromboembolism View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pharmacological treatment|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Preventing_Thromboembolism_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 75: / Line 62: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Preventing Thromboembolism View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pharmacological treatment|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Preventing_Thromboembolism_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 85: / Line 72: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Preventing Thromboembolism View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pharmacological treatment|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Preventing_Thromboembolism_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 95: / Line 82: @@
 ===Class III===
-Long-term anticoagulation with a [[vitamin K]] antagonist is not recommended for primary prevention of [[stroke]] in patients below the age of 60 y without heart disease. <ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref>
+Long-term anticoagulation with a [[vitamin K]] antagonist is not recommended for primary prevention of [[stroke]] in patients below the age of 60 y without heart disease. <ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref>
-==Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_Cardioversion_of_Atrial_Fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 111: / Line 98: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_Cardioversion_of_Atrial_Fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 121: / Line 108: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_Cardioversion_of_Atrial_Fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 131: / Line 118: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_Cardioversion_of_Atrial_Fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 139: / Line 126: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Direct-current_cardioversion_of_atrial_fibrillation_and_atrial_flutter_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 153: / Line 140: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Direct-current_cardioversion_of_atrial_fibrillation_and_atrial_flutter_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 171: / Line 158: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_enhancement_of_direct-current_cardioversion_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 185: / Line 172: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion: View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pharmacological_enhancement_of_direct-current_cardioversion_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 193: / Line 180: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS IIb Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Prevention_of_thromboembolism_in_patients_with_atrial_fibrillation_undergoing_cardioversion_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 207: / Line 194: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation cardioversion|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Prevention_of_thromboembolism_in_patients_with_atrial_fibrillation_undergoing_cardioversion_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 215: / Line 202: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS IIa Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Maintenance of sinus rhythm: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Maintenance_of_sinus_rhythm_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 229: / Line 216: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Maintenance of sinus rhythm: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Maintenance_of_sinus_rhythm_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 239: / Line 226: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Maintenance of sinus rhythm: View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation maintenance of rate control and sinus rhythm|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Maintenance_of_sinus_rhythm_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 247: / Line 234: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Maintenance of sinus rhythm: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Postoperative atrial fibrillation|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_postoperative_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 261: / Line 248: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Postoperative atrial fibrillation|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_postoperative_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 271: / Line 258: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation: View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Postoperative atrial fibrillation|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_postoperative_atrial_fibrillation_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 279: / Line 266: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS IIb Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with acute myocardial infarction: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation acute myocardial infarction|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_acute_myocardial_infarction_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 293: / Line 280: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with acute myocardial infarction: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation acute myocardial infarction|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_acute_myocardial_infarction_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 303: / Line 290: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with acute myocardial infarction: View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation acute myocardial infarction|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_acute_myocardial_infarction_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 311: / Line 298: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Patients with acute myocardial infarction: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW): View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation Wolff-Parkinson-White preexcitation syndromes|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Wolff_Parkinson_White_syndrome_(WPW)_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 325: / Line 312: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW): View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation Wolff-Parkinson-White preexcitation syndromes|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Wolff_Parkinson_White_syndrome_(WPW)_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 335: / Line 322: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW): View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[Atrial fibrillation Wolff-Parkinson-White preexcitation syndromes|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Wolff_Parkinson_White_syndrome_(WPW)_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 345: / Line 332: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW): View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation Wolff-Parkinson-White preexcitation syndromes|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Wolff_Parkinson_White_syndrome_(WPW)_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 353: / Line 340: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW): Suggest Revisions to the CLASS III Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with hyperthyroidism: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation hyperthyroidism|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_hyperthyroidism_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 365: / Line 352: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Patients with hyperthyroidism: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS I Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for pregnant patients <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for pregnant patients <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pregnant patients: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pregnancy|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pregnant_patients_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 379: / Line 366: @@
 ===Class IIb===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Pregnant patients: View the Current CLASS IIb Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pregnancy|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Pregnant_patients_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIb_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 387: / Line 374: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Pregnant patients: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS IIb Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 401: / Line 388: @@
 ===Class IIa===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: View the Current CLASS IIa Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy_View_the_Current_CLASS_IIa_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 409: / Line 396: @@
 [[The Living Guidelines: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Suggest Revisions to the CLASS IIa Guidelines|Suggest Revisions to the Guidelines]]
-==Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension <small><ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref></small>==
+==Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension <small><ref name="Fuster"> Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Le Heuzey JY, Kay GN, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann S. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation- Executive Summary: executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidlines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006; 114: 700-752. PMID 16908781 </ref></small>==
 ===Class I===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: View the Current CLASS I Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pulmonary diseases|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Pulmonary_Hypertension_View_the_Current_CLASS_I_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 423: / Line 410: @@
 ===Class III===
-[[The Living Guidelines: Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: View the Current CLASS III Guidelines|View the Current Guidelines]]
+[[Atrial fibrillation pulmonary diseases|View the Current Guidelines]]
 [http://en.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Talk:The_Living_Guidelines:_Patients_with_Pulmonary_Hypertension_View_the_Current_CLASS_III_Guidelines&action=edit Click here to comment on this section of the current guidelines]
@@ Line 434: / Line 421: @@
 {{Reflist|2}}
-{{Circulatory system pathology}}
 {{Electrocardiography}}
-{{SIB}}
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
+[[Category:AFib]]
+{{WH}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}


Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters
Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Atrial Fibrillation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Special Groups Postoperative AF Acute Myocardial Infarction Wolff-Parkinson-White Preexcitation Syndrome Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hyperthyroidism Pulmonary Diseases Pregnancy ACS and/or PCI or valve intervention Heart failure

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram EKG Examples A-Fib with LBBB

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

Holter Monitoring and Exercise Stress Testing

Cardiac MRI

Treatment

Rate and Rhythm Control

Cardioversion Overview Electrical Cardioversion Pharmacological Cardioversion

Anticoagulation Overview Warfarin Converting from or to Warfarin Converting from or to Parenteral Anticoagulants Dabigatran

Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm

Surgery Catheter Ablation AV Nodal Ablation Surgical Ablation Cardiac Surgery
Specific Patient Groups

Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention

Supportive Trial Data

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation On the Web

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v t e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • T wave alternans • Tombstone T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Tombstone ST elevation • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins • Congenital heart block Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker • EKG in athletes

The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:15, 11 October 2012

Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion [1]

Class IIa

Class IIb

Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism [1]

Class I

Recommendations for pregnant patients [1]

Class I

Class IIb

Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension [1]

Class I

Class III

References

Navigation menu

Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism ^[1]

Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter ^[1]

Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion ^[1]

Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion ^[1]

Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism ^[1]

Recommendations for pregnant patients ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension ^[1]