Sandbox:Otitis externa classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Otitis externa is classified as acute, chronic, or malignant based on the duration of the disease, as well as diffusion and severity of infection and symptoms.

Classification

Otitis externa is classified by duration, diffusion, and symptom severity.

Acute Otitis Externa

Chronic Otitis Externa

Malignant Necrotizing Otitis Externa

  • Acute otitis externa becomes reclassified as malignant and necrotizing when the infectious pathogen diffuses from the ear canal and infects the temporal bones, as well as bones in the ear adjacent to the canal, leading to damage and degradation.[4][5]
  • It is usually caused by the bacterial pathogen responsible for the acute variant, usually Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • Otitis externa becomes malignant when the patient is immunocompromised.
    • It usually occurs in acute otitis externa patients with diabetes or undergoing chemotherapy, leading to reduced ability to counter the spread of the pathogen.
  • Malignant otitis externa will usually manifest with the following symptoms:
  • Treatment of malignant otitis externa requires therapy targeting the pathogen as well as the source for immunocompromisation.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Hui CP (2013). "Acute otitis externa". Paediatr Child Health. 18 (2): 96–101. PMC 3567906. PMID 24421666.
  2. Schaefer P, Baugh RF (2012). "Acute otitis externa: an update". Am Fam Physician. 86 (11): 1055–61. PMID 23198673.
  3. Yaganeh Moghadam A, Asadi MA, Dehghani R, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Rayegan F, Hooshyar H, Khorshidi A (2010). "Evaluating the effect of a mixture of alcohol and acetic acid for otomycosis therapy" (PDF). Jundishapur J Microbiol. 3 (2): 66–70.
  4. Handzel O, Halperin D (2003). "Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (2): 309–12. PMID 12892351.
  5. "Malignant otitis externa: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".

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