Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==


Dose reduction, lengthening the interval between dose administration, and ultimately drug withdrawal are most effective strategies. Specific treatments include cooling the extremities during drug administration, vitamin B6, topical and oral corticosteroids, and topical 99% dimethyl-sulfoxide.
[[Dose]] reduction, lengthening the interval between dose administration, and ultimately [[drug withdrawal]] are the most effective strategies. Specific treatment strategies include cooling the [[extremities]] during drug administration, [[vitamin B6]], [[topical]] and [[oral]] [[Corticosteroid|corticosteroids]], and [[topical]] 99% [[dimethyl sulfoxide]].


==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==


* Dose reduction, lengthening the interval between drug administration, and ultimately drug withdrawal, if necessary, appear to be the most effective strategies.<ref name="pmid15341880">{{cite journal| author=Lassere Y, Hoff P| title=Management of hand-foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine (Xeloda). | journal=Eur J Oncol Nurs | year= 2004 | volume= 8 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= S31-40 | pmid=15341880 | doi=10.1016/j.ejon.2004.06.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15341880  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11853000">{{cite journal| author=Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM| title=Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience. | journal=Cancer Invest | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-10 | pmid=11853000 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11853000  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid3496002">{{cite journal| author=Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T| title=Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity. | journal=Am J Clin Oncol | year= 1987 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-8 | pmid=3496002 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3496002  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11702367">{{cite journal| author=Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O| title=Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management. | journal=Am J Clin Dermatol | year= 2000 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=11702367 | doi=10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11702367  }} </ref>
*[[Dose]] reduction, lengthening the interval between drug administration, and ultimately [[drug withdrawal]], if necessary, appear to be the most effective strategies.<ref name="pmid15341880">{{cite journal| author=Lassere Y, Hoff P| title=Management of hand-foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine (Xeloda). | journal=Eur J Oncol Nurs | year= 2004 | volume= 8 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= S31-40 | pmid=15341880 | doi=10.1016/j.ejon.2004.06.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15341880  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11853000">{{cite journal| author=Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM| title=Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience. | journal=Cancer Invest | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-10 | pmid=11853000 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11853000  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3496002">{{cite journal| author=Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T| title=Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity. | journal=Am J Clin Oncol | year= 1987 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-8 | pmid=3496002 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3496002  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11702367">{{cite journal| author=Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O| title=Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management. | journal=Am J Clin Dermatol | year= 2000 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=11702367 | doi=10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11702367  }}</ref>


* These strategies do not seem to affect the effectiveness of capecitabine, however, for other drug regimens this might affect efficacy. <ref name="pmid10080589">{{cite journal| author=Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C et al.| title=Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=10080589 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10080589  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12056707">{{cite journal| author=Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M et al.| title=First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 566-75 | pmid=12056707 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdf089 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12056707  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12065558">{{cite journal| author=O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G et al.| title=Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2812-23 | pmid=12065558 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12065558  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2926468">{{cite journal| author=Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG| title=A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1989 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 425-32 | pmid=2926468 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2926468  }} </ref>
* These strategies do not seem to affect the efficacy of [[capecitabine]], however, for other [[drug]] regimens this might affect efficacy.<ref name="pmid10080589">{{cite journal| author=Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C et al.| title=Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=10080589 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10080589  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12056707">{{cite journal| author=Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M et al.| title=First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 566-75 | pmid=12056707 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdf089 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12056707  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12065558">{{cite journal| author=O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G et al.| title=Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2812-23 | pmid=12065558 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12065558  }}</ref><ref name="pmid2926468">{{cite journal| author=Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG| title=A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1989 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 425-32 | pmid=2926468 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2926468  }}</ref>


*Specific treatments include:
*Specific [[treatments|treatment]] strategies in response to specific [[Causality|causative]] [[Medication|medications]] are enlisted in the following table:
** Cooling the extremities during drug administration (docetaxel, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin) <ref name="pmid15099971">{{cite journal| author=Molpus KL, Anderson LB, Craig CL, Puleo JG| title=The effect of regional cooling on toxicity associated with intravenous infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian carcinoma. | journal=Gynecol Oncol | year= 2004 | volume= 93 | issue= 2 | pages= 513-6 | pmid=15099971 | doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.02.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15099971  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid18083217">{{cite journal| author=Mangili G, Petrone M, Gentile C, De Marzi P, Viganò R, Rabaiotti E| title=Prevention strategies in palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia onset: the role of regional cooling. | journal=Gynecol Oncol | year= 2008 | volume= 108 | issue= 2 | pages= 332-5 | pmid=18083217 | doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.10.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18083217  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7857119">{{cite journal| author=Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Burris HA, Cook G, Irvin R, Kuhn J et al.| title=Acute cutaneous reactions to docetaxel, a new chemotherapeutic agent. | journal=Arch Dermatol | year= 1995 | volume= 131 | issue= 2 | pages= 202-6 | pmid=7857119 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7857119  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7907667">{{cite journal| author=Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Lowry M, Medina J, Von Hoff DD, Burris HA| title=Prevention of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia with local hypothermia. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 1994 | volume= 86 | issue= 7 | pages= 557-8 | pmid=7907667 | doi=10.1093/jnci/86.7.557 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7907667  }} </ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Treatment Strategy
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Causative Medication(s)
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |'''Cooling the [[Limb (anatomy)|extremities]] during [[drug]] administration'''<ref name="pmid15099971">{{cite journal| author=Molpus KL, Anderson LB, Craig CL, Puleo JG| title=The effect of regional cooling on toxicity associated with intravenous infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian carcinoma. | journal=Gynecol Oncol | year= 2004 | volume= 93 | issue= 2 | pages= 513-6 | pmid=15099971 | doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.02.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15099971  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid18083217">{{cite journal| author=Mangili G, Petrone M, Gentile C, De Marzi P, Viganò R, Rabaiotti E| title=Prevention strategies in palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia onset: the role of regional cooling. | journal=Gynecol Oncol | year= 2008 | volume= 108 | issue= 2 | pages= 332-5 | pmid=18083217 | doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.10.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18083217  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7857119">{{cite journal| author=Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Burris HA, Cook G, Irvin R, Kuhn J et al.| title=Acute cutaneous reactions to docetaxel, a new chemotherapeutic agent. | journal=Arch Dermatol | year= 1995 | volume= 131 | issue= 2 | pages= 202-6 | pmid=7857119 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7857119  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7907667">{{cite journal| author=Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Lowry M, Medina J, Von Hoff DD, Burris HA| title=Prevention of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia with local hypothermia. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 1994 | volume= 86 | issue= 7 | pages= 557-8 | pmid=7907667 | doi=10.1093/jnci/86.7.557 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7907667  }} </ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |
*[[Liposome]]-encapsulated [[doxorubicin]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |'''[[Pyridoxine|Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)]]'''<ref name="pmid22814578">{{cite journal| author=Corrie PG, Bulusu R, Wilson CB, Armstrong G, Bond S, Hardy R et al.| title=A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 107 | issue= 4 | pages= 585-7 | pmid=22814578 | doi=10.1038/bjc.2012.318 | pmc=3419962 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22814578  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8194170">{{cite journal| author=Portal I, Cardenal F, Garcia-del-Muro X| title=Etoposide-related acral erythema. | journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol | year= 1994 | volume= 34 | issue= 2 | pages= 181 | pmid=8194170 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8194170  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2529807">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB| title=Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 111 | issue= 8 | pages= 688-9 | pmid=2529807 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2529807  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8102408">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Baker WJ, Burris HA, Keeling JH, Von Hoff D| title=Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with taxotere. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 1993 | volume= 85 | issue= 17 | pages= 1432-3 | pmid=8102408 | doi=10.1093/jnci/85.17.1432 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8102408  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12003194">{{cite journal| author=Hui YF, Giles FJ, Cortes JE| title=Chemotherapy-induced palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome--recall following different chemotherapy agents. | journal=Invest New Drugs | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-53 | pmid=12003194 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12003194  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2345070">{{cite journal| author=Fabian CJ, Molina R, Slavik M, Dahlberg S, Giri S, Stephens R| title=Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion. | journal=Invest New Drugs | year= 1990 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-63 | pmid=2345070 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2345070  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7629773">{{cite journal| author=Banfield GK, Crate ID, Griffiths CL| title=Long-term sequelae of Palmar-Plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy. | journal=J R Soc Med | year= 1995 | volume= 88 | issue= 6 | pages= 356P-357P | pmid=7629773 | doi= | pmc=1295248 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7629773  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2225317">{{cite journal| author=Mortimer JE, Anderson I| title=Weekly fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin: efficacy and treatment of cutaneous toxicity. | journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol | year= 1990 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 449-52 | pmid=2225317 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2225317  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid22814578">{{cite journal| author=Corrie PG, Bulusu R, Wilson CB, Armstrong G, Bond S, Hardy R et al.| title=A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 107 | issue= 4 | pages= 585-7 | pmid=22814578 | doi=10.1038/bjc.2012.318 | pmc=3419962 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22814578  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9626479">{{cite journal| author=Vail DM, Chun R, Thamm DH, Garrett LD, Cooley AJ, Obradovich JE| title=Efficacy of pyridoxine to ameliorate the cutaneous toxicity associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated (Stealth) liposomes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial using a canine model. | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year= 1998 | volume= 4 | issue= 6 | pages= 1567-71 | pmid=9626479 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9626479  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11034047">{{cite journal| author=Hui YF, Cortes JE| title=Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome associated with liposomal daunorubicin. | journal=Pharmacotherapy | year= 2000 | volume= 20 | issue= 10 | pages= 1221-3 | pmid=11034047 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11034047  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7722086">{{cite journal| author=Komamura H, Higashiyama M, Hashimoto K, Takeda K, Kimura H, Tani Y et al.| title=Three cases of chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 1995 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 116-21 | pmid=7722086 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7722086  }} </ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |
*[[Liposome]]-encapsulated [[doxorubicin]]
*[[Fluorouracil]]
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
*[[Capecitabine]]
*[[Etoposide]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |'''[[Potency|Potent]] [[topical]] [[Corticosteroid|corticosteroids]]'''<ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid15187308">{{cite journal| author=Katoh M, Kadota M, Nishimura Y| title=A case of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2004 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 403-6 | pmid=15187308 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15187308  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9892931">{{cite journal| author=Vakalis D, Ioannides D, Lazaridou E, Mattheou-Vakali G, Teknetzis A| title=Acral erythema induced by chemotherapy with cisplatin. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 1998 | volume= 139 | issue= 4 | pages= 750-1 | pmid=9892931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9892931  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2529807">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB| title=Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 111 | issue= 8 | pages= 688-9 | pmid=2529807 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2529807  }} </ref>
'''(The best results have been demonstrated when used in conjunction with [[Cold compression therapy|cold compressesion]] and [[Emollient|emollients]])'''
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |
*[[Liposome]]-encapsulated [[doxorubicin]]
*[[Fluorouracil]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |'''[[Oral]] [[Corticosteroid|corticosteroids]]'''<ref name="pmid8624164">{{cite journal| author=Hellier I, Bessis D, Sotto A, Margueritte G, Guilhou JJ| title=High-dose methotrexate-induced bullous variant of acral erythema. | journal=Arch Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 132 | issue= 5 | pages= 590-1 | pmid=8624164 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8624164  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid15858519">{{cite journal| author=Werchniak AE, Chaffee S, Dinulos JG| title=Methotrexate-induced bullous acral erythema in a child. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2005 | volume= 52 | issue= 5 Suppl 1 | pages= S93-5 | pmid=15858519 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.065 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15858519  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9486588">{{cite journal| author=Hoff PM, Valero V, Ibrahim N, Willey J, Hortobagyi GN| title=Hand-foot syndrome following prolonged infusion of high doses of vinorelbine. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 5 | pages= 965-9 | pmid=9486588 | doi=10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980301)82:5<965::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9486588  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1869670">{{cite journal| author=Brown J, Burck K, Black D, Collins C| title=Treatment of cytarabine acral erythema with corticosteroids. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1991 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 Pt 1 | pages= 1023-5 | pmid=1869670 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1869670  }} </ref>  <ref name="pmid16361756">{{cite journal| author=Tsuboi H, Yonemoto K, Katsuoka K| title=A case of bleomycin-induced acral erythema (AE) with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) and summary of reports of AE with ESS in the literature. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2005 | volume= 32 | issue= 11 | pages= 921-5 | pmid=16361756 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16361756  }} </ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |
*[[Liposome]]-encapsulated [[doxorubicin]]
*[[Fluorouracil]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*[[Bleomycin]]
*[[Methotrexate]]
*[[Vinorelbine]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |'''[[Topical]] [[Dimethyl sulfoxide|99% dimethyl sulfoxide]]'''
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: left;" valign="top" |
*[[Liposome]]-encapsulated [[doxorubicin]]
|-


** Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)(fluorouracil, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin, doxorubicin, docetaxel, and capecitabine). <ref name="pmid22814578">{{cite journal| author=Corrie PG, Bulusu R, Wilson CB, Armstrong G, Bond S, Hardy R et al.| title=A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 107 | issue= 4 | pages= 585-7 | pmid=22814578 | doi=10.1038/bjc.2012.318 | pmc=3419962 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22814578  }} </ref>''',''' etoposide <ref name="pmid8194170">{{cite journal| author=Portal I, Cardenal F, Garcia-del-Muro X| title=Etoposide-related acral erythema. | journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol | year= 1994 | volume= 34 | issue= 2 | pages= 181 | pmid=8194170 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8194170  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2529807">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB| title=Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 111 | issue= 8 | pages= 688-9 | pmid=2529807 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2529807  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8102408">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Baker WJ, Burris HA, Keeling JH, Von Hoff D| title=Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with taxotere. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 1993 | volume= 85 | issue= 17 | pages= 1432-3 | pmid=8102408 | doi=10.1093/jnci/85.17.1432 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8102408  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12003194">{{cite journal| author=Hui YF, Giles FJ, Cortes JE| title=Chemotherapy-induced palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome--recall following different chemotherapy agents. | journal=Invest New Drugs | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-53 | pmid=12003194 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12003194  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2345070">{{cite journal| author=Fabian CJ, Molina R, Slavik M, Dahlberg S, Giri S, Stephens R| title=Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion. | journal=Invest New Drugs | year= 1990 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-63 | pmid=2345070 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2345070  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7629773">{{cite journal| author=Banfield GK, Crate ID, Griffiths CL| title=Long-term sequelae of Palmar-Plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy. | journal=J R Soc Med | year= 1995 | volume= 88 | issue= 6 | pages= 356P-357P | pmid=7629773 | doi= | pmc=1295248 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7629773  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2225317">{{cite journal| author=Mortimer JE, Anderson I| title=Weekly fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin: efficacy and treatment of cutaneous toxicity. | journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol | year= 1990 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 449-52 | pmid=2225317 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2225317  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid22814578">{{cite journal| author=Corrie PG, Bulusu R, Wilson CB, Armstrong G, Bond S, Hardy R et al.| title=A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 107 | issue= 4 | pages= 585-7 | pmid=22814578 | doi=10.1038/bjc.2012.318 | pmc=3419962 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22814578  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9626479">{{cite journal| author=Vail DM, Chun R, Thamm DH, Garrett LD, Cooley AJ, Obradovich JE| title=Efficacy of pyridoxine to ameliorate the cutaneous toxicity associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated (Stealth) liposomes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial using a canine model. | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year= 1998 | volume= 4 | issue= 6 | pages= 1567-71 | pmid=9626479 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9626479  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11034047">{{cite journal| author=Hui YF, Cortes JE| title=Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome associated with liposomal daunorubicin. | journal=Pharmacotherapy | year= 2000 | volume= 20 | issue= 10 | pages= 1221-3 | pmid=11034047 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11034047  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7722086">{{cite journal| author=Komamura H, Higashiyama M, Hashimoto K, Takeda K, Kimura H, Tani Y et al.| title=Three cases of chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 1995 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 116-21 | pmid=7722086 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7722086  }} </ref>
|}
 
** Potent topical corticosteroids (liposome encapsulated doxorubicin, fluorouracil, cisplatin): the best results have been demonstrated when used in conjunction with cold compresses and emollients. <ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref>, docetaxel <ref name="pmid15187308">{{cite journal| author=Katoh M, Kadota M, Nishimura Y| title=A case of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2004 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 403-6 | pmid=15187308 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15187308  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9892931">{{cite journal| author=Vakalis D, Ioannides D, Lazaridou E, Mattheou-Vakali G, Teknetzis A| title=Acral erythema induced by chemotherapy with cisplatin. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 1998 | volume= 139 | issue= 4 | pages= 750-1 | pmid=9892931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9892931  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2529807">{{cite journal| author=Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB| title=Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 111 | issue= 8 | pages= 688-9 | pmid=2529807 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2529807  }} </ref>
 
** Oral corticosteroids (cytarabine , doxorubicin, fluorouracil , liposome encapsulated doxorubicin , bleomycin, and methotrexate). <ref name="pmid8624164">{{cite journal| author=Hellier I, Bessis D, Sotto A, Margueritte G, Guilhou JJ| title=High-dose methotrexate-induced bullous variant of acral erythema. | journal=Arch Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 132 | issue= 5 | pages= 590-1 | pmid=8624164 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8624164  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid15858519">{{cite journal| author=Werchniak AE, Chaffee S, Dinulos JG| title=Methotrexate-induced bullous acral erythema in a child. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2005 | volume= 52 | issue= 5 Suppl 1 | pages= S93-5 | pmid=15858519 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.065 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15858519  }} </ref>, vinorelbine <ref name="pmid9486588">{{cite journal| author=Hoff PM, Valero V, Ibrahim N, Willey J, Hortobagyi GN| title=Hand-foot syndrome following prolonged infusion of high doses of vinorelbine. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 5 | pages= 965-9 | pmid=9486588 | doi=10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980301)82:5<965::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9486588  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1869670">{{cite journal| author=Brown J, Burck K, Black D, Collins C| title=Treatment of cytarabine acral erythema with corticosteroids. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1991 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 Pt 1 | pages= 1023-5 | pmid=1869670 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1869670  }} </ref>  <ref name="pmid16361756">{{cite journal| author=Tsuboi H, Yonemoto K, Katsuoka K| title=A case of bleomycin-induced acral erythema (AE) with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) and summary of reports of AE with ESS in the literature. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2005 | volume= 32 | issue= 11 | pages= 921-5 | pmid=16361756 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16361756  }} </ref>
 
** Topical 99% dimethyl-sulfoxide: 4 times daily for 14 days (liposome encapsulated doxorubicin). <ref name="pmid10447577">{{cite journal| author=Lopez AM, Wallace L, Dorr RT, Koff M, Hersh EM, Alberts DS| title=Topical DMSO treatment for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-induced palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. | journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol | year= 1999 | volume= 44 | issue= 4 | pages= 303-6 | pmid=10447577 | doi=10.1007/s002800050981 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10447577  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:54, 8 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mandana Chitsazan, M.D. [2]

Overview

Dose reduction, lengthening the interval between dose administration, and ultimately drug withdrawal are the most effective strategies. Specific treatment strategies include cooling the extremities during drug administration, vitamin B6, topical and oral corticosteroids, and topical 99% dimethyl sulfoxide.

Medical Therapy

Treatment Strategy Causative Medication(s)
Cooling the extremities during drug administration[11] [12] [13] [14]
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [15] [23] [24] [4] [25]
Potent topical corticosteroids[4] [26] [27] [17]

(The best results have been demonstrated when used in conjunction with cold compressesion and emollients)

Oral corticosteroids[28] [29] [30] [31] [32]
Topical 99% dimethyl sulfoxide

References

  1. ↑ Lassere Y, Hoff P (2004). "Management of hand-foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine (Xeloda)". Eur J Oncol Nurs. 8 Suppl 1: S31–40. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2004.06.007. PMID 15341880.
  2. ↑ Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM (2002). "Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience". Cancer Invest. 20 (1): 3–10. PMID 11853000.
  3. ↑ Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T (1987). "Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity". Am J Clin Oncol. 10 (3): 216–8. PMID 3496002.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J (1995). "Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy". Cancer. 75 (8): 2169–73. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h. PMID 7697608.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gerbrecht BM (2003). "Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy". Cancer Nurs. 26 (2): 161–7. PMID 12660565.
  6. ↑ Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O (2000). "Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management". Am J Clin Dermatol. 1 (4): 225–34. doi:10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004. PMID 11702367.
  7. ↑ Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C; et al. (1999). "Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer". J Clin Oncol. 17 (2): 485–93. doi:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485. PMID 10080589.
  8. ↑ Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M; et al. (2002). "First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin". Ann Oncol. 13 (4): 566–75. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf089. PMID 12056707.
  9. ↑ O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G; et al. (2002). "Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results". J Clin Oncol. 20 (12): 2812–23. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002. PMID 12065558.
  10. ↑ Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG (1989). "A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study". J Clin Oncol. 7 (4): 425–32. doi:10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425. PMID 2926468.
  11. ↑ Molpus KL, Anderson LB, Craig CL, Puleo JG (2004). "The effect of regional cooling on toxicity associated with intravenous infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian carcinoma". Gynecol Oncol. 93 (2): 513–6. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.02.019. PMID 15099971.
  12. ↑ Mangili G, Petrone M, Gentile C, De Marzi P, Viganò R, Rabaiotti E (2008). "Prevention strategies in palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia onset: the role of regional cooling". Gynecol Oncol. 108 (2): 332–5. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.10.021. PMID 18083217.
  13. ↑ Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Burris HA, Cook G, Irvin R, Kuhn J; et al. (1995). "Acute cutaneous reactions to docetaxel, a new chemotherapeutic agent". Arch Dermatol. 131 (2): 202–6. PMID 7857119.
  14. ↑ Zimmerman GC, Keeling JH, Lowry M, Medina J, Von Hoff DD, Burris HA (1994). "Prevention of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia with local hypothermia". J Natl Cancer Inst. 86 (7): 557–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/86.7.557. PMID 7907667.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Corrie PG, Bulusu R, Wilson CB, Armstrong G, Bond S, Hardy R; et al. (2012). "A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications". Br J Cancer. 107 (4): 585–7. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.318. PMC 3419962. PMID 22814578.
  16. ↑ Portal I, Cardenal F, Garcia-del-Muro X (1994). "Etoposide-related acral erythema". Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 34 (2): 181. PMID 8194170.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB (1989). "Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 111 (8): 688–9. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688. PMID 2529807.
  18. ↑ Vukelja SJ, Baker WJ, Burris HA, Keeling JH, Von Hoff D (1993). "Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with taxotere". J Natl Cancer Inst. 85 (17): 1432–3. doi:10.1093/jnci/85.17.1432. PMID 8102408.
  19. ↑ Hui YF, Giles FJ, Cortes JE (2002). "Chemotherapy-induced palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome--recall following different chemotherapy agents". Invest New Drugs. 20 (1): 49–53. PMID 12003194.
  20. ↑ Fabian CJ, Molina R, Slavik M, Dahlberg S, Giri S, Stephens R (1990). "Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion". Invest New Drugs. 8 (1): 57–63. PMID 2345070.
  21. ↑ Banfield GK, Crate ID, Griffiths CL (1995). "Long-term sequelae of Palmar-Plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy". J R Soc Med. 88 (6): 356P–357P. PMC 1295248. PMID 7629773.
  22. ↑ Mortimer JE, Anderson I (1990). "Weekly fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin: efficacy and treatment of cutaneous toxicity". Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 26 (6): 449–52. PMID 2225317.
  23. ↑ Vail DM, Chun R, Thamm DH, Garrett LD, Cooley AJ, Obradovich JE (1998). "Efficacy of pyridoxine to ameliorate the cutaneous toxicity associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated (Stealth) liposomes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial using a canine model". Clin Cancer Res. 4 (6): 1567–71. PMID 9626479.
  24. ↑ Hui YF, Cortes JE (2000). "Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome associated with liposomal daunorubicin". Pharmacotherapy. 20 (10): 1221–3. PMID 11034047.
  25. ↑ Komamura H, Higashiyama M, Hashimoto K, Takeda K, Kimura H, Tani Y; et al. (1995). "Three cases of chemotherapy-induced acral erythema". J Dermatol. 22 (2): 116–21. PMID 7722086.
  26. ↑ Katoh M, Kadota M, Nishimura Y (2004). "A case of docetaxel-induced erythrodysesthesia". J Dermatol. 31 (5): 403–6. PMID 15187308.
  27. ↑ Vakalis D, Ioannides D, Lazaridou E, Mattheou-Vakali G, Teknetzis A (1998). "Acral erythema induced by chemotherapy with cisplatin". Br J Dermatol. 139 (4): 750–1. PMID 9892931.
  28. ↑ Hellier I, Bessis D, Sotto A, Margueritte G, Guilhou JJ (1996). "High-dose methotrexate-induced bullous variant of acral erythema". Arch Dermatol. 132 (5): 590–1. PMID 8624164.
  29. ↑ Werchniak AE, Chaffee S, Dinulos JG (2005). "Methotrexate-induced bullous acral erythema in a child". J Am Acad Dermatol. 52 (5 Suppl 1): S93–5. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.065. PMID 15858519.
  30. ↑ Hoff PM, Valero V, Ibrahim N, Willey J, Hortobagyi GN (1998). "Hand-foot syndrome following prolonged infusion of high doses of vinorelbine". Cancer. 82 (5): 965–9. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980301)82:5<965::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-y. PMID 9486588.
  31. ↑ Brown J, Burck K, Black D, Collins C (1991). "Treatment of cytarabine acral erythema with corticosteroids". J Am Acad Dermatol. 24 (6 Pt 1): 1023–5. PMID 1869670.
  32. ↑ Tsuboi H, Yonemoto K, Katsuoka K (2005). "A case of bleomycin-induced acral erythema (AE) with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) and summary of reports of AE with ESS in the literature". J Dermatol. 32 (11): 921–5. PMID 16361756.
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