Necrotizing fasciitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Incidence
- Since 2010, approximately 700 to 1100 cases of necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus occur each year in the United states.[1]
- The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis in adults is 0.40 cases per 100,000 people/year and the incidence in children is higher at 0.08 cases per 100,000 people/year.[2][3]
Mortality Rate
- Early intervention remains the only method of reducing mortality and morbidity in necrotizing fasciitis patients.
- The overall mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis related deaths in the United states from 2003- 2013 was 4.8/1,000,000 per year.[4]
- The mortality rate in necrotizing fasciitis is 24%-34%.[5][6]
- It mainly depends on the time of medical and surgical interventions and extent of spread of infection.
- The mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis increases from 9% to 63% if associated with mysositis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
| Types | Mortality |
|---|---|
| Type 1 | Variable, depends on underlying comorbidities |
| Type 2 | >32% depends on associated myositis or toxic shock |
| Type 3 | 30- 40% |
| Type 4 | >47% (higher if immunocompromised) |
Age
Necrotizing fasciitis occurs in all age groups but slightly more common among >50 years age.[7]
Gender
Necrotizing fasciitis effects men and women equally.[8]
Race
- The incidence rate of necrotizing fasciitis is high in black, Hispanic, and American Indian individuals compared to Whites.[4]
- The incidence rate is lower in Asian individuals.
Developing countries
Necrotizing fasciitis is more common in developing countries because of low socioeconomic status and poor standards of hygeine.[8]
References
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016)http://www.cdc.gov/features/necrotizingfasciitis/ Accessed on september 6, 2016
- ↑ File TM, Tan JS, DiPersio JR (1998). "Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis. Diagnosing and treating the "flesh-eating bacteria syndrome"". Cleve Clin J Med. 65 (5): 241–9. PMID 9599907.
- ↑ Chaouat Y, Chaouat D (1988). "[Primary hyperparathyroidism. History]". Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic. 55 (7): 475–8. PMID 3051309.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arif N, Yousfi S, Vinnard C (2016). "Deaths from necrotizing fasciitis in the United States, 2003-2013". Epidemiol Infect. 144 (6): 1338–44. doi:10.1017/S0950268815002745. PMID 26548496.
- ↑ Ryter A, Hirota Y, Jacob F (1968). "DNA-membrane complex and nuclear segregation in bacteria". Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 33: 669–76. PMID 4977757.
- ↑ McHenry CR, Piotrowski JJ, Petrinic D, Malangoni MA (1995). "Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections". Ann Surg. 221 (5): 558–63, discussion 563-5. PMC 1234638. PMID 7748037.
- ↑ Machado, Norman Oneil. "Necrotizing fasciitis: The importance of early diagnosis, prompt surgical debridement and adjuvant therapy." North Am J Med Sci 3 (2011): 107-118.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sadasivan J, Maroju NK, Balasubramaniam A (2013). "Necrotizing fasciitis". Indian J Plast Surg. 46 (3): 472–8. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.121978. PMC 3897089. PMID 24459334.