The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. The P0 glycoprotein, absent in the central nervous system,[1] is a major component of the myelin sheath in peripheralnerves. It comprises a large extracellular N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane region, and a smaller positively charged intracellulardomain. It is postulated that P0 is a structural element in the formation and stabilisation of peripheral nerve myelin,[2] holding its characteristic coil structure together by the interaction of its positively charged domain with acidiclipids in the cytoplasmic face of the opposed bilayer, and by interaction between hydrophobic globular `heads' of adjacent extracellular domains.[1]
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