Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
|
Metabolic syndrome Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Metabolic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Metabolic syndrome occurs in the presence of insulin resistance and accompanying obesity. It increases the risk for coronary heart disease, diabetes, fatty liver, stroke and some cancers. It may manifests as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and abdominal obesity. It affects a large number of people in a clustered fashion. In some studies, the prevalence in the USA is calculated as being up to 25% of the population.
Complications
The complications found associated with metabolic syndrome are:
- Cardiovascular complications
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [2]
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Breast cancer [3]
- Cancers of the colon, gallbladder, kidney, and prostate gland [4]
- Psoriasis [5]
- Accelerated cognitive aging [6]
Supportive trial data
- Source & year - The American Journal of Cardiology
- Study question – Estimate the long-term relative risk of major coronary events (MCEs) associated with the metabolic syndrome
- Study design – Post hoc determination of placebo data from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) used to estimate the long-term relative risk of major coronary events (MCEs) associated with the metabolic syndrome.
- Study results – In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study and AFCAPS/TexCAPS, respectively, Placebo-treated patients with the metabolic syndrome were-
- 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 1.8) times more likely to have MCEs than those without it in 4S
- 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.9) times more likely to have MCEs than those without it in 4S
- Study conclusion
The following risks factors increased the relative risks for MACE
- Low high-density lipoprotein levels were associated with elevated risk of MCEs in both studies
- High triglycerides in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
- Elevated blood pressure and obesity in AFCAPS/TexCAPS were associated with significantly increased relative risk
See also
References
- ↑ Air EL, Kissela BM (2007). "Diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and ischemic stroke: epidemiology and possible mechanisms". Diabetes Care. 30 (12): 3131–40. doi:10.2337/dc06-1537. PMID 17848611.
- ↑ Kotronen A, Yki-Järvinen H (2008). "Fatty liver: a novel component of the metabolic syndrome". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.147538. PMID 17690317.
- ↑ Beaulieu LM, Whitley BR, Wiesner TF, Rehault SM, Palmieri D, Elkahloun AG; et al. (2007). "Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cycle". Bioessays. 29 (10): 1029–38. doi:10.1002/bies.20640. PMID 17876797.
- ↑ Hsing AW, Sakoda LC, Chua S (2007). "Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and prostate cancer". Am J Clin Nutr. 86 (3): s843–57. PMID 18265478.
- ↑ Gottlieb AB, Dann F, Menter A (2008). "Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome". J Drugs Dermatol. 7 (6): 563–72. PMID 18561588.
- ↑ Yaffe K (2007). "Metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline". Curr Alzheimer Res. 4 (2): 123–6. PMID 17430234.
- ↑ Girman CJ, Rhodes T, Mercuri M, Pyörälä K, Kjekshus J, Pedersen TR; et al. (2004). "The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS)". Am J Cardiol. 93 (2): 136–41. PMID 14715336.